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美國并未打敗通脹,房地產(chǎn)危機(jī)可能導(dǎo)致通脹卷土重來

JASON MA
2024-10-22

在房地產(chǎn)市場,供需關(guān)系嚴(yán)重失衡,依舊是嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),因此房地產(chǎn)市場是通脹重新抬頭的領(lǐng)域之一。

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自2022年美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)開始激進(jìn)加息以來,美國的通脹情況有明顯改善,但房地產(chǎn)市場的可負(fù)擔(dān)性危機(jī)并沒有解決,甚至可能重新引發(fā)通脹壓力。

住房庫存依舊緊張,而且雖然抵押貸款利率低于一年前的高點(diǎn),但最近幾周有所上升。據(jù)《每日房貸新聞》報(bào)道,最近的30年期固定抵押貸款利率為6.68%,比一個(gè)月前升高了0.53個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的降息周期開始后,借貸成本并沒有像潛在購房人所期待的那樣持續(xù)下降。事實(shí)上,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)強(qiáng)勁和美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員的謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度,抑制了未來降息的前景,因此抵押貸款利率可能在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)維持在當(dāng)前水平。

抵押貸款業(yè)巨頭房地美(Freddie Mac)上周五發(fā)布的最新房地產(chǎn)市場報(bào)告,呼應(yīng)了這種觀點(diǎn)。報(bào)告稱,抵押貸款利率“隨著時(shí)間的推移將逐漸下降,經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞可能給市場帶來意外的消息,引發(fā)波動(dòng)。”

報(bào)告表示,這種逐步改善對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場的提振作用有限,因?yàn)樽》繋齑嬉琅f緊張,而且購房人選擇了觀望,等待抵押貸款利率進(jìn)一步下降。

房地美預(yù)測(cè),有一些跡象表明,隨著利率下降,“鎖定效應(yīng)”有所減弱,市場供應(yīng)有所增加,但這不足以滿足高需求,這意味著房價(jià)會(huì)繼續(xù)上漲。

房地美表示,經(jīng)濟(jì)前景確實(shí)整體向好,因?yàn)槊缆?lián)儲(chǔ)降息半個(gè)百分點(diǎn)將刺激消費(fèi)者支出和信貸。

但報(bào)告警告:“然而,雖然通脹壓力下降,但通脹可能會(huì)卷土重來。在房地產(chǎn)市場,供需關(guān)系嚴(yán)重失衡,依舊是嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),因此房地產(chǎn)市場是通脹重新抬頭的領(lǐng)域之一?!?/p>

通貨膨脹重新加速可能進(jìn)一步降低對(duì)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)出臺(tái)更多救濟(jì)措施的預(yù)期。最近的消費(fèi)物價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,上個(gè)月的通脹比預(yù)期更頑固,導(dǎo)致美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)再次大幅降息的可能性降低。

在官方通脹數(shù)據(jù)中,住房成本在支出中占很大比例,因此住房通脹更大的上行壓力,可能對(duì)整體數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生巨大影響。

如果住房通脹反彈,經(jīng)濟(jì)和勞動(dòng)力市場持續(xù)強(qiáng)勁,也可能減少其他方面的價(jià)格調(diào)整空間。有分析師甚至認(rèn)為,美國不僅能避免經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,還能避免“軟著陸”式的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩,相反美國經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)強(qiáng)勁增長,達(dá)到“不著陸”的狀態(tài)。

隨著住房危機(jī)的持續(xù),美國人感覺陷入了困境。Edelman Financial Engines公司的最新研究顯示,超過三分之一(36%)業(yè)主表示,感覺自己被房子套牢,無法搬家。在50歲以下的業(yè)主(以Z世代和千禧一代為主)中,這個(gè)比例提高到近50%。

根據(jù)全球房地產(chǎn)咨詢公司萊坊(Knight Frank)在周四發(fā)布的2024年第四季度美國市場報(bào)告,即使高端房地產(chǎn)市場也感覺受到影響。

報(bào)告稱:“盡管在豪宅市場,現(xiàn)金買家的比例更高,但借款成本增加影響了市場活動(dòng)。主要買家的財(cái)富與其他類別資產(chǎn)掛鉤,而許多資產(chǎn)都受到了更高利率的影響。這增加了不確定性,而11月的大選更加劇了這種不確定性。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

自2022年美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)開始激進(jìn)加息以來,美國的通脹情況有明顯改善,但房地產(chǎn)市場的可負(fù)擔(dān)性危機(jī)并沒有解決,甚至可能重新引發(fā)通脹壓力。

住房庫存依舊緊張,而且雖然抵押貸款利率低于一年前的高點(diǎn),但最近幾周有所上升。據(jù)《每日房貸新聞》報(bào)道,最近的30年期固定抵押貸款利率為6.68%,比一個(gè)月前升高了0.53個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的降息周期開始后,借貸成本并沒有像潛在購房人所期待的那樣持續(xù)下降。事實(shí)上,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)強(qiáng)勁和美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員的謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度,抑制了未來降息的前景,因此抵押貸款利率可能在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)維持在當(dāng)前水平。

抵押貸款業(yè)巨頭房地美(Freddie Mac)上周五發(fā)布的最新房地產(chǎn)市場報(bào)告,呼應(yīng)了這種觀點(diǎn)。報(bào)告稱,抵押貸款利率“隨著時(shí)間的推移將逐漸下降,經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞可能給市場帶來意外的消息,引發(fā)波動(dòng)?!?/p>

報(bào)告表示,這種逐步改善對(duì)房地產(chǎn)市場的提振作用有限,因?yàn)樽》繋齑嬉琅f緊張,而且購房人選擇了觀望,等待抵押貸款利率進(jìn)一步下降。

房地美預(yù)測(cè),有一些跡象表明,隨著利率下降,“鎖定效應(yīng)”有所減弱,市場供應(yīng)有所增加,但這不足以滿足高需求,這意味著房價(jià)會(huì)繼續(xù)上漲。

房地美表示,經(jīng)濟(jì)前景確實(shí)整體向好,因?yàn)槊缆?lián)儲(chǔ)降息半個(gè)百分點(diǎn)將刺激消費(fèi)者支出和信貸。

但報(bào)告警告:“然而,雖然通脹壓力下降,但通脹可能會(huì)卷土重來。在房地產(chǎn)市場,供需關(guān)系嚴(yán)重失衡,依舊是嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),因此房地產(chǎn)市場是通脹重新抬頭的領(lǐng)域之一?!?/p>

通貨膨脹重新加速可能進(jìn)一步降低對(duì)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)出臺(tái)更多救濟(jì)措施的預(yù)期。最近的消費(fèi)物價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,上個(gè)月的通脹比預(yù)期更頑固,導(dǎo)致美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)再次大幅降息的可能性降低。

在官方通脹數(shù)據(jù)中,住房成本在支出中占很大比例,因此住房通脹更大的上行壓力,可能對(duì)整體數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生巨大影響。

如果住房通脹反彈,經(jīng)濟(jì)和勞動(dòng)力市場持續(xù)強(qiáng)勁,也可能減少其他方面的價(jià)格調(diào)整空間。有分析師甚至認(rèn)為,美國不僅能避免經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,還能避免“軟著陸”式的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩,相反美國經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)強(qiáng)勁增長,達(dá)到“不著陸”的狀態(tài)。

隨著住房危機(jī)的持續(xù),美國人感覺陷入了困境。Edelman Financial Engines公司的最新研究顯示,超過三分之一(36%)業(yè)主表示,感覺自己被房子套牢,無法搬家。在50歲以下的業(yè)主(以Z世代和千禧一代為主)中,這個(gè)比例提高到近50%。

根據(jù)全球房地產(chǎn)咨詢公司萊坊(Knight Frank)在周四發(fā)布的2024年第四季度美國市場報(bào)告,即使高端房地產(chǎn)市場也感覺受到影響。

報(bào)告稱:“盡管在豪宅市場,現(xiàn)金買家的比例更高,但借款成本增加影響了市場活動(dòng)。主要買家的財(cái)富與其他類別資產(chǎn)掛鉤,而許多資產(chǎn)都受到了更高利率的影響。這增加了不確定性,而11月的大選更加劇了這種不確定性?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Inflation has improved dramatically since the Federal Reserve launched its aggressive rate hikes in 2022, but the housing market’s affordability crisis hasn’t gone away and may even renew inflationary pressure.

Housing inventory is still tight, and while mortgage rates are well below year-ago highs, they have climbed in recent weeks. According to Mortgage News Daily, the latest 30-year fixed rate was at 6.68%, up by 0.53 percentage point from a month ago.

That’s as the start of the Fed’s rate-cutting cycle has failed to trigger the sustained drop in borrowing costs that prospective homebuyers had long hoped for. In fact, mortgage rates may stay about where they are for a while as strong economic data and caution among Fed officials dampen the outlook for future easing.

Mortgage giant Freddie Mac echoed that view in its latest housing market report on Friday, saying it sees mortgage rates slipping “very gradually over time, with potential volatility as economic news may surprise the market.”

Such incremental improvement won’t provide much of a boost to the housing market either as inventory stays constrained and homebuyers sit on the sidelines while waiting for mortgage rates to drop further, the report added.

There have been some signs that the lock-in effect is waning a bit as rates drop, putting more supply on the market, but that’s not enough to meet high demand—meaning home prices will keep rising, Freddie Mac predicted.

To be sure, the outlook for the overall economy looks positive, as the Fed’s half-point rate cut will boost consumer spending and credit, it said.

“However, while inflationary pressures have been declining, there are potential upside risks to inflation,” the report warned. “One area where inflation could resurge is housing inflation in an environment where the fundamental mismatch of supply and demand remains a major challenge for the housing market.”

Any re-acceleration in inflation could further diminish expectations for more relief from the Fed. The most recent consumer price data showed inflation was stickier than expected last month, making another jumbo-size rate cut unlikely.

And given that housing costs account for a large chunk of the range of expenses that go into official inflation readings, more upward pressure on that end could result in outsized effects on the overall data.

Continued strength in the economy and labor market may also leave less wiggle room for prices elsewhere, if housing inflation rebounds. Some analysts have even said that the U.S. will not only avoid a recession but also a “soft landing” slowdown, with the economy instead powering through to “no landing.”

As the housing crisis drags on, Americans are feeling trapped. Over a third (36%) of homeowners report feeling stuck in their house and unable to move, according to new research by Edelman Financial Engines. This rises to nearly 50% for homeowners under 50, who are mostly made up of Gen Z and millennials.

Even the high end of the housing market is feeling jammed, according to global real estate consultants Knight Frank, which released its Q4 2024 U.S. market report Thursday.

“Despite a higher prevalence of cash buyers, elevated borrowing costs have weighed on activity in luxury markets, too.” it said. “Prime buyers tend to have wealth tied up in other asset classes, many of which have been hurt by higher rates. That adds uncertainty, which has been compounded by the November election.”

財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為財(cái)富媒體知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專屬所有或持有。未經(jīng)許可,禁止進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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