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CVS換帥,“林奇改革”是對是錯?

SHAWN TULLY
2024-10-22

凱倫·林奇為CVS構(gòu)畫了一個宏大的發(fā)展目標,但CVS不愿給她更多時間來實現(xiàn)它。

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圖片來源:JESSICA CHOU FOR FORTUNE

凱倫·林奇是美國企業(yè)界的一位明星CEO,但是現(xiàn)在,就連這位明星CEO也出局了。

CVS是美國最大的連鎖藥店和醫(yī)療保險公司,以銷售額計算的話,CVS的銷售額即便在《財富》美國500強里也屬于霸榜的存在。林奇作為這樣一艘大船的掌舵人,多年來一直是美國商界最有影響力的女性之一。2020年年底,林奇被任命為CEO,此后兩年,她的事業(yè)道路可謂榮耀之極。到2022年底,她已經(jīng)成功地將CVS的股價從70美元提高到了110美元左右。她的戰(zhàn)略也獲得了投資者的支持——林奇希望將CVS打造成一個一站式的基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)中心。不管是買藥,還是醫(yī)保報銷,還是年度體檢,都可以在社區(qū)一站式搞定。

林奇聲稱,要“掀起一場醫(yī)療服務(wù)革命”。CVS在全美共有9000多家藥店,她將其中的幾千家改造成了所謂的“健康中心”,可以提供包括糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變檢測、膽固醇篩查和心理健康咨詢等多種基本醫(yī)療服務(wù),同時還與藥品零售和醫(yī)保報銷服務(wù)相結(jié)合。CVS旗下的安泰保險記錄了大量的患者醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù),由于老年人在社區(qū)就近得到了預防性醫(yī)療服務(wù),他們的心臟病和其他慢性病就能得到有效控制,而這些開銷也是普通人醫(yī)療支出的大頭,因此普通人的整體醫(yī)療支出也就得以下降。與安泰保險有競爭的其他保險公司也不介意跟CVS合作,因為CVS的藥店遍地都是,患者不用大老遠跑到醫(yī)院去買藥,而且你在CVS除了買藥,還可以購買洗發(fā)水和糖果等生活用品。

不得不說,林奇勾畫的目標是非常吸引人的,它針對的就是美國現(xiàn)行的這套極為昂貴、對消費者極不友好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系。目前,林奇發(fā)引的這場醫(yī)療服務(wù)革命已經(jīng)在挑戰(zhàn)美國的現(xiàn)有醫(yī)療體制了,下一步,CVS將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用,而改革的成效如何,也將決定CVS自身是否能扭轉(zhuǎn)它目前的混亂局面。只不過這一切都與林奇本人無關(guān)了。

截至發(fā)稿時,CVS尚未回復《財富》要求置評的電子郵件。

預期已經(jīng)夠低了,誰料業(yè)績更低

10月18日,CVS披露它的財務(wù)業(yè)績低于預期。要知道,之前的預期已經(jīng)很低了,低到包括Glenview資本公司在內(nèi)的一些大投資者都要求CVS撤換管理層。董事會已經(jīng)吹了風,稱CVS的三季度營收將遠低公司自己的預期和華爾街給出的預期。CVS預計每股收益為1.05美元至1.10美元,遠低于FactSet預期的1.69美元。造成這一問題的主要原因是,安泰保險的醫(yī)保業(yè)務(wù)利潤極其微薄,尤其是它的Medicare Advantage業(yè)務(wù),雖然業(yè)務(wù)量巨大,但利潤太低。據(jù)CVS披露,它的保費與費用比已從之前估計的91%飆升至95%以上。Robert W. Baird公司分析師邁克爾·何表示:“這表示它一定程度上存在提供福利過多和保費定價過低的問題。”

也是在10月18日的新聞稿中,CVS宣布,林奇“經(jīng)與董事會達成一致后辭去了職務(wù)”,接任她的將是大衛(wèi)·喬伊納。喬伊納已在CVS任職多年,目前主要負責藥品福利業(yè)務(wù)Caremark部門。

林奇的改革哪里出了問題

眼看她起高樓,眼看她樓塌了。影響林奇改革成果的一些根源問題,其實早在她擔任CEO之前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。問題主要有三個方面:首先是CVS在收購上花了太多錢,這種野蠻收購耗費了巨大的資本,CEO除非能帶來神奇的表現(xiàn),否則幾乎不可能為股東提供什么可觀的回報。在2007年成功收購Caremark之后的幾年里,CVS一路高歌猛進。到2017年底,其股價上漲了三倍左右,達到75美元。隨后,它又收購了安泰保險。而林奇當時也正是因為在Medicare Advantage業(yè)務(wù)上的出色表現(xiàn)而成為了安泰保險的負責人。

CVS為收購安泰保險支付了680億美元的天價,溢價達到73%。公告發(fā)布當天,這兩家公司的市值合計達到1280億美元。而目前CVS的估值僅為760億美元,堪堪略高于其收購安泰保險時的估值,這證明了CVS遠遠沒有創(chuàng)造出足夠利潤來填這個大坑。但是安泰保險的教訓也并未阻止林奇和董事會進一步冒險。2023年,CVS又進行了一筆耗資巨大的交易,收購了橡樹街健康公司(Oak Street Health)。橡樹街健康公司在25個州開設(shè)有200多家老年護理中心。這一次CVS拿出了105億美元,相當于溢價30%或20億美元收購。CVS的另一場豪賭,是以80億美元收購醫(yī)療分析服務(wù)提供商Signify。這兩筆交易表明,CVS簡直可以說是在以孤注一擲的心態(tài)來,通過收購來支撐林奇設(shè)計的復雜結(jié)構(gòu),但是效果并不理想。

換人如同走馬燈,發(fā)展目標太復雜

林奇調(diào)整管理層的速度也跟走馬燈一樣。我們也不知道是她選人的眼光有問題,還是沒法讓她招募來的人才發(fā)揮出最好的水平??傊畯娜ツ甏禾炱鸬竭@個為止,CVS已經(jīng)至少有7名高管離職了,而且這些人都是她2021年2月上任后親自聘任的。離職者中包括安泰保險的負責人(干了不到一年就辭職了)、財務(wù)總監(jiān)(自稱是因為健康原因辭職)、人力資源總監(jiān)、公關(guān)總監(jiān)、醫(yī)療服務(wù)總監(jiān)和零售業(yè)務(wù)總監(jiān)。此外還有兩名在CVS干了許多年的老人手也辭職了,他們分別是公司的首席法務(wù)和營銷總監(jiān)。

第三個也是最后一個問題是,事實證明,林奇為CVS勾勒的寵大構(gòu)想,超出了她自身的執(zhí)行能力。她的前任拉里·梅洛通過收購安泰保險,踏上了這個宏大計劃的第一階段,這也是有史以來,一家大型保險公司與一家連鎖藥店的首次合體。林奇的努力方向是搞廣覆蓋的社區(qū)基本醫(yī)療,從而進一步擴展了CVS的目標框架。盡管想法很宏大,但CVS在零售領(lǐng)域起步較晚,沃爾格林(Walgreens)、康森特拉(Concentra)和橡樹街等公司都瞄準了這個巨大的市場。除此之外,藥店和醫(yī)保公司完全是兩種不同位階的文化,這使得安泰保險空有大量數(shù)據(jù)、CVS坐擁大量顧客,二者卻很難實現(xiàn)真正的匹配與融合。而安泰保險的Medicare Advantage業(yè)務(wù)盈利能力的突然下降,也進一步影響了兩項業(yè)務(wù)的融合計劃。

在過去一兩年里,CVS已經(jīng)很少提及最初的“健康中心”理念了?,F(xiàn)在它的重點似乎轉(zhuǎn)移到了已經(jīng)比較完善的橡樹街網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。Robert W. Baird公司分析師邁克爾·何表示:“這一舉措將推動它們未來10年的增長。橡樹街式的基于價值的醫(yī)療服務(wù)仍然代表著CVS的未來。”

而林奇一手打造的藥店部門、醫(yī)療服務(wù)部門和零售業(yè)務(wù),表現(xiàn)還都算不錯。由于聯(lián)邦政府減少了對Medicare Advantage的支付,導致安泰保險的利潤大幅下降。當然,聯(lián)合、信諾等保險公司也同樣受到了影響。這當然不是企業(yè)自身能預見的一件事,但這件事恰好發(fā)生在安泰保險剛剛增加了30萬老年醫(yī)保用戶的時候。所以這要么是它運氣不好,要么就是一次“發(fā)球失誤”??傊?,林奇是一位極有魅力和個人特點的領(lǐng)導者,她在企業(yè)發(fā)展和構(gòu)畫愿景上值得稱贊,有可能她只是需要更多的時間來證明自己??上τ诂F(xiàn)在的CVS來說,時間是一種奢侈品。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

凱倫·林奇是美國企業(yè)界的一位明星CEO,但是現(xiàn)在,就連這位明星CEO也出局了。

CVS是美國最大的連鎖藥店和醫(yī)療保險公司,以銷售額計算的話,CVS的銷售額即便在《財富》美國500強里也屬于霸榜的存在。林奇作為這樣一艘大船的掌舵人,多年來一直是美國商界最有影響力的女性之一。2020年年底,林奇被任命為CEO,此后兩年,她的事業(yè)道路可謂榮耀之極。到2022年底,她已經(jīng)成功地將CVS的股價從70美元提高到了110美元左右。她的戰(zhàn)略也獲得了投資者的支持——林奇希望將CVS打造成一個一站式的基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)中心。不管是買藥,還是醫(yī)保報銷,還是年度體檢,都可以在社區(qū)一站式搞定。

林奇聲稱,要“掀起一場醫(yī)療服務(wù)革命”。CVS在全美共有9000多家藥店,她將其中的幾千家改造成了所謂的“健康中心”,可以提供包括糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變檢測、膽固醇篩查和心理健康咨詢等多種基本醫(yī)療服務(wù),同時還與藥品零售和醫(yī)保報銷服務(wù)相結(jié)合。CVS旗下的安泰保險記錄了大量的患者醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù),由于老年人在社區(qū)就近得到了預防性醫(yī)療服務(wù),他們的心臟病和其他慢性病就能得到有效控制,而這些開銷也是普通人醫(yī)療支出的大頭,因此普通人的整體醫(yī)療支出也就得以下降。與安泰保險有競爭的其他保險公司也不介意跟CVS合作,因為CVS的藥店遍地都是,患者不用大老遠跑到醫(yī)院去買藥,而且你在CVS除了買藥,還可以購買洗發(fā)水和糖果等生活用品。

不得不說,林奇勾畫的目標是非常吸引人的,它針對的就是美國現(xiàn)行的這套極為昂貴、對消費者極不友好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系。目前,林奇發(fā)引的這場醫(yī)療服務(wù)革命已經(jīng)在挑戰(zhàn)美國的現(xiàn)有醫(yī)療體制了,下一步,CVS將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用,而改革的成效如何,也將決定CVS自身是否能扭轉(zhuǎn)它目前的混亂局面。只不過這一切都與林奇本人無關(guān)了。

截至發(fā)稿時,CVS尚未回復《財富》要求置評的電子郵件。

預期已經(jīng)夠低了,誰料業(yè)績更低

10月18日,CVS披露它的財務(wù)業(yè)績低于預期。要知道,之前的預期已經(jīng)很低了,低到包括Glenview資本公司在內(nèi)的一些大投資者都要求CVS撤換管理層。董事會已經(jīng)吹了風,稱CVS的三季度營收將遠低公司自己的預期和華爾街給出的預期。CVS預計每股收益為1.05美元至1.10美元,遠低于FactSet預期的1.69美元。造成這一問題的主要原因是,安泰保險的醫(yī)保業(yè)務(wù)利潤極其微薄,尤其是它的Medicare Advantage業(yè)務(wù),雖然業(yè)務(wù)量巨大,但利潤太低。據(jù)CVS披露,它的保費與費用比已從之前估計的91%飆升至95%以上。Robert W. Baird公司分析師邁克爾·何表示:“這表示它一定程度上存在提供福利過多和保費定價過低的問題?!?/p>

也是在10月18日的新聞稿中,CVS宣布,林奇“經(jīng)與董事會達成一致后辭去了職務(wù)”,接任她的將是大衛(wèi)·喬伊納。喬伊納已在CVS任職多年,目前主要負責藥品福利業(yè)務(wù)Caremark部門。

林奇的改革哪里出了問題

眼看她起高樓,眼看她樓塌了。影響林奇改革成果的一些根源問題,其實早在她擔任CEO之前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。問題主要有三個方面:首先是CVS在收購上花了太多錢,這種野蠻收購耗費了巨大的資本,CEO除非能帶來神奇的表現(xiàn),否則幾乎不可能為股東提供什么可觀的回報。在2007年成功收購Caremark之后的幾年里,CVS一路高歌猛進。到2017年底,其股價上漲了三倍左右,達到75美元。隨后,它又收購了安泰保險。而林奇當時也正是因為在Medicare Advantage業(yè)務(wù)上的出色表現(xiàn)而成為了安泰保險的負責人。

CVS為收購安泰保險支付了680億美元的天價,溢價達到73%。公告發(fā)布當天,這兩家公司的市值合計達到1280億美元。而目前CVS的估值僅為760億美元,堪堪略高于其收購安泰保險時的估值,這證明了CVS遠遠沒有創(chuàng)造出足夠利潤來填這個大坑。但是安泰保險的教訓也并未阻止林奇和董事會進一步冒險。2023年,CVS又進行了一筆耗資巨大的交易,收購了橡樹街健康公司(Oak Street Health)。橡樹街健康公司在25個州開設(shè)有200多家老年護理中心。這一次CVS拿出了105億美元,相當于溢價30%或20億美元收購。CVS的另一場豪賭,是以80億美元收購醫(yī)療分析服務(wù)提供商Signify。這兩筆交易表明,CVS簡直可以說是在以孤注一擲的心態(tài)來,通過收購來支撐林奇設(shè)計的復雜結(jié)構(gòu),但是效果并不理想。

換人如同走馬燈,發(fā)展目標太復雜

林奇調(diào)整管理層的速度也跟走馬燈一樣。我們也不知道是她選人的眼光有問題,還是沒法讓她招募來的人才發(fā)揮出最好的水平??傊畯娜ツ甏禾炱鸬竭@個為止,CVS已經(jīng)至少有7名高管離職了,而且這些人都是她2021年2月上任后親自聘任的。離職者中包括安泰保險的負責人(干了不到一年就辭職了)、財務(wù)總監(jiān)(自稱是因為健康原因辭職)、人力資源總監(jiān)、公關(guān)總監(jiān)、醫(yī)療服務(wù)總監(jiān)和零售業(yè)務(wù)總監(jiān)。此外還有兩名在CVS干了許多年的老人手也辭職了,他們分別是公司的首席法務(wù)和營銷總監(jiān)。

第三個也是最后一個問題是,事實證明,林奇為CVS勾勒的寵大構(gòu)想,超出了她自身的執(zhí)行能力。她的前任拉里·梅洛通過收購安泰保險,踏上了這個宏大計劃的第一階段,這也是有史以來,一家大型保險公司與一家連鎖藥店的首次合體。林奇的努力方向是搞廣覆蓋的社區(qū)基本醫(yī)療,從而進一步擴展了CVS的目標框架。盡管想法很宏大,但CVS在零售領(lǐng)域起步較晚,沃爾格林(Walgreens)、康森特拉(Concentra)和橡樹街等公司都瞄準了這個巨大的市場。除此之外,藥店和醫(yī)保公司完全是兩種不同位階的文化,這使得安泰保險空有大量數(shù)據(jù)、CVS坐擁大量顧客,二者卻很難實現(xiàn)真正的匹配與融合。而安泰保險的Medicare Advantage業(yè)務(wù)盈利能力的突然下降,也進一步影響了兩項業(yè)務(wù)的融合計劃。

在過去一兩年里,CVS已經(jīng)很少提及最初的“健康中心”理念了?,F(xiàn)在它的重點似乎轉(zhuǎn)移到了已經(jīng)比較完善的橡樹街網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。Robert W. Baird公司分析師邁克爾·何表示:“這一舉措將推動它們未來10年的增長。橡樹街式的基于價值的醫(yī)療服務(wù)仍然代表著CVS的未來?!?/p>

而林奇一手打造的藥店部門、醫(yī)療服務(wù)部門和零售業(yè)務(wù),表現(xiàn)還都算不錯。由于聯(lián)邦政府減少了對Medicare Advantage的支付,導致安泰保險的利潤大幅下降。當然,聯(lián)合、信諾等保險公司也同樣受到了影響。這當然不是企業(yè)自身能預見的一件事,但這件事恰好發(fā)生在安泰保險剛剛增加了30萬老年醫(yī)保用戶的時候。所以這要么是它運氣不好,要么就是一次“發(fā)球失誤”??傊?,林奇是一位極有魅力和個人特點的領(lǐng)導者,她在企業(yè)發(fā)展和構(gòu)畫愿景上值得稱贊,有可能她只是需要更多的時間來證明自己。可惜對于現(xiàn)在的CVS來說,時間是一種奢侈品。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

Karen Lynch, a superstar CEO championing the biggest of big ideas, is out.

As chief of corner drug store and health insurance colossus CVS, Lynch headed the largest Fortune 500 enterprise, measured by sales, of any female CEO, and for years reigned as the most powerful woman in American business. In her first two years after being chosen for the top job in late 2020, Lynch seemed on the road to glory. By late 2022, she’d lifted CVS’s share price from $70 to roughly $110. Investors were buying her daring new strategy: Making CVS a one-stop shop for and basic care, right in their own neighborhoods, augmented by hands-on, data-driven management from their in-house insurer that reminded folks to refill prescriptions and get their annual physical.

Lynch pledged to “revolutionize healthcare as we know it” by repurposing thousands of CVS’s more than 9,000 stores into either fully-dedicated providers of such services as diabetic retinopathy and cholesterol screening, and mental health counseling, or hybrid retail and PC centers called HealthHUBs. CVS would then store tons of data on the patients’ condition at its Aetna insurance arm, whose costs would fall because seniors were getting preventive care that curbed heart disease and other chronic conditions that account for the bulk of our health care spending. Rival insurers would also reward CVS with part of the savings they achieved from the spread of primary care from far-away doctors’ offices requiring long waits, to the CVS just around the block, where you could also pick up your pills and buy shampoo and candy bars.

It was an intriguing vision that targeted our hugely expensive, largely consumer-unfriendly healthcare system. But Lynch couldn’t fully deliver on the paradigm that’s already starting to upend the current regime, and where CVS will continue playing a pivotal role going forward––one that will likely determine whether it rebounds from its current tailspin.

At press time, CVS hadn’t responded to a Fortune email requesting comment.

CVS underperforms already low expectations

On October 18, CVS disclosed that its heretofore weak financial performance was even worse the low expectations that already pushed big investors, including activist Glenview Capital, to demand changes in the C-suite. The board pre-announced that earnings for Q3 would prove far lower than both the company’s forecast, and Wall Street’s predictions. CVS posited EPS at $1.05 to $1.10, well below the FactSet consensus of $1.69. Accounting for most of the shortfall: Extremely tight margins in the health benefits business at Aetna, and especially in its giant Medicare Advantage franchise. CVS disclosed that its medal cost ratio of premiums to expenses had soared from an estimated 91% to over 95%. “That represents some combination of providing benefits that are too rich and underpricing premiums,” says Michael Ha of Robert W. Baird.

The same press release stated that Lynch “stepped down from her position in agreement with the company’s board of directors,” and will be replaced by David Joyner, a CVS veteran who’s been heading Caremark, the pharmacy benefits business.

Where Lynch’s transformation went awry

A trifecta of problems, some that started before she took the top job, ended a reign that appeared to start brilliantly, then unraveled fast. The first was CVS’s errors in vastly overpaying for acquisitions, a practice that piled on amounts of capital so huge that only magical performance could provide shareholders with decent returns going forward. In the years following its successful acquisition of Caremark in 2007, CVS was thriving. By late 2017, its shares had jumped around three-fold to $75. Then, it unveiled its acquisition of Aetna, where Lynch had risen to the position of heir apparent based on her skill in building the Medicare Advantage side.

CVS paid a gigantic $68 billion, or a 73% premium for Aetna. The day of the announcement, the two companies boasted a combined market cap of $128 billion. Proof that CVS hasn’t come close to generating the extra profits needed to cover that Brobdingnagian price: Its valuation now stands at just $76 billion, only slightly higher than what it paid for Aetna. The Aetna lesson didn’t deter Lynch and the board. In 2023, CVS made another hugely expensive deal, purchasing Oak Street Health, owner of over 200 centers in 25 states providing care for the elderly, this time laying out $10.5 billion, 30% or $2 billion more than the target’s cap prior to clinching the purchase. CVS made still another big bet by acquiring Signify, a health care analytics provider, for $8 billion. The Oak Street and Signify buys signaled that CVS was making desperate moves, adding big pieces to bolster the complex construct that Lynch conceived, but that wasn’t performing.

CVS became a revolving door at the top, and the vision proved overly complex

Lynch also kept changing her group of lieutenants at an alarming rate. It isn’t clear if she kept choosing the wrong people for the wrong roles, or was unable to get the talent she recruited to do their best work. From the spring of 2023 through this month, no fewer than seven C-suite stalwarts, all of whom she’d hired after officially taking charge in February of 2021, departed. The exodus encompassed the head of Aetna, who left after less than a year, the CFO (whose statement cited health reasons), the chiefs of HR, communications, healthcare delivery, and the retail stores. Two other longstanding CVS execs exited as well, the general counsel and chief marketing officer.

The third and final rub: The lofty, intricate blueprint proved beyond Lynch’s capacity to implement. It was her predecessor, Larry Merlo, who launched the initial phase via the purchase of Aetna, the first time ever that a huge insurer combined with a pharmacy chain. Lynch extended the framework through her plan for bringing primary care to America’s doorstep. Though the idea was a big one, CVS was getting a late start on the retail component, since Walgreens, Concentra and sundry others, including Oak Street, were invading what promised to become a gigantic market. Besides, the culture formed from running drugstores clashed with the mindset required to manage a major insurer, making it difficult to mate Aetna’s data troves with the folks CVS attempted to lure to its stores for primary care. The sudden drop in profitability for Aetna’s Medicare Advantage arm further undermined the ambition plan to meld the two businesses.

In the last couple of years, CVS has made scant mention of the original HeathHUBs concept. The focus now appears to be building out the well established Oak Street network. And according to Ha of Baird, it’s an excellent strategy. “That initiative will drive their growth for the next decade,” he says. “Oak Street-style, value-based care is still the future for CVS.”

The Pharmacy Division, the Health Services Division she set up, and the retail are doing well. Aetna’s margins collapsed as the Federal Government reduced their payments to Medicare Advantage. United and Cigna are both suffering too. That was unforeseen but it happened just as Aetna increased its Medicare rolls by 300,000 seniors. That was either unlucky or an unforced error. This extremely personable, charismatic leader deserves great credit for developing and superbly articulating a vision. It may even turn out that Lynch just needed more time. But that was a luxury that was, at least for CVS, out of stock.

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