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巴菲特忠告家長:在84萬億美元“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”前需提早規(guī)劃

Chloe Berger
2024-11-27

伯克希爾哈撒韋公司首席執(zhí)行官沃倫·巴菲特表示,回避敏感話題可能對家庭造成傷害。

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Kevin Dietsch / Staff—Getty Images

伯克希爾哈撒韋公司首席執(zhí)行官、傳奇投資者沃倫·巴菲特警告稱,遺囑的規(guī)劃可能決定一個人離世后家庭的和諧與否。

這位94歲的億萬富翁在周一發(fā)布的一封非常直白的公開信中提到,“時光老人從不敗北,但他也可能反復(fù)無常?!?/p>

討論死亡相關(guān)話題始終令人難以啟齒,而安排財產(chǎn)和遺物分配的細節(jié)同樣讓人望而卻步。然而,在即將到來的84萬億美元“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”面前,巴菲特強調(diào),不應(yīng)因害怕尷尬而拖延討論,這樣只會為未來埋下沖突的隱患。

巴菲特對家長的建議

作為全球最富有的人之一,沃倫·巴菲特的身家已超過1,510億美元。他曾公開表示自己巨額財富的安排計劃,早在2010年就與比爾·蓋茨及梅琳達·弗蘭奇·蓋茨一同承諾,在自己去世前將至少一半的財富捐贈給慈善事業(yè)。

盡管巴菲特巨額財富的分配規(guī)劃似乎與大多數(shù)普通人無關(guān),但在逐步分配自己龐大資產(chǎn)的過程中,他提出了一個對所有家庭都適用的建議——不僅限于億萬富翁。

巴菲特在信中寫道,“無論您的財富是普通水平還是極其豐厚,我還有一個建議:當(dāng)您的孩子足夠成熟時,在您簽署遺囑前,先讓他們看一下?!?/p>

在巴菲特看來,遺囑應(yīng)該是一次對話。他建議父母確保子女能夠理解“父母做出決策的邏輯,以及子女在父母去世后將面臨的責(zé)任。”同時,立遺囑人應(yīng)傾聽子女的疑問或擔(dān)憂,“認真傾聽,并采納合理的建議?!?/p>

巴菲特坦言,多年來他與自己的孩子進行了類似的交流,并聽取了他們的反饋和建議。他說道:“我為自己的想法辯護并沒有什么不妥,我父親當(dāng)年也是這樣對我的?!?/p>

許多美國人將金錢視為家庭中的禁忌話題,但他們并未因此獲益。據(jù)富達投資(Fidelity Investments)的《財富流動性狀況調(diào)查》顯示,大多數(shù)人(56%)表示父母從未與他們談?wù)撨^金錢,但高達81%的人認為,若能更早接受財務(wù)教育,他們的生活會因此受益。

由于財務(wù)不安全感困擾,年輕一代迫切期待著“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”,即來自年長親屬的遺產(chǎn)。根據(jù)波士頓市場研究公司Cerulli Associates在2022年的預(yù)測,這場財富轉(zhuǎn)移預(yù)計將在2045年前后發(fā)生,價值約為84萬億美元。

然而,隨著嬰兒潮一代和“沉默的一代”準備交接資產(chǎn)和儲蓄,各種矛盾開始浮現(xiàn)。西北互助人壽保險公司(Northwestern Mutual)在其哈里斯民調(diào)中,對超過4,500名美國成年人進行了調(diào)查。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,雙方期望存在錯位,子女一代(Z世代和千禧一代)普遍期待的遺產(chǎn)金額往往高于長輩計劃留給他們的金額。

此外,根據(jù)市民銀行(Citizens Bank)針對1,500名美國成年人的調(diào)查,大多數(shù)美國人(72%)表示,他們對獨立管理一大筆財富缺乏足夠的財務(wù)信心。特別是千禧一代,他們表示對管理未來可能獲得的財富沒有信心。然而,提前進行適當(dāng)?shù)臏蕚浠蛟S可以緩解這些“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”中年輕受益者的焦慮。

遺囑糾紛的隱患

親人去世后,家庭關(guān)系可能迅速惡化。悲痛中的子女往往因財產(chǎn)分配爭執(zhí)不休,甚至連誰繼承那盞之前無人問津的丑燈也能引發(fā)爭論。而遺囑中的意外內(nèi)容,更是讓這種緊張局勢雪上加霜。

巴菲特提到他已故的商業(yè)伙伴查理·芒格時說道:“多年來,查理和我目睹了許多家庭因遺囑的內(nèi)容引發(fā)困惑甚至憤怒,而最終分崩離析?!?/p>

“在這種情況下,妒忌心態(tài)以及童年時期實際存在或想象中的不公平待遇會被放大,尤其是當(dāng)兒子在金錢分配或重要地位上被偏愛時,”他補充道,并解釋說,他會對遺囑做出小幅調(diào)整,并盡量保持內(nèi)容簡單明了。

另一方面,巴菲特也分享道,他和查理曾見證過一些家庭,通過提前充分溝通遺囑內(nèi)容,最終關(guān)系更加融洽。他感慨道,“還有什么比這更令人欣慰的呢?”

歸根結(jié)底,這需要立遺囑人在去世前分享自己的所有見解,因為一旦離世,就無法再解釋自己的立場了。巴菲特表示:“您不希望在自己無法作答時,孩子們還在為遺囑中的決定追問‘為什么’?!?/p>

巴菲特如何應(yīng)對“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”

無論巴菲特在賣出、買入,還是按兵不動,他的一舉一動都備受關(guān)注。在規(guī)劃個人財富時,同樣如此。

巴菲特曾公開承諾捐出超過99%的財富。他曾將這筆巨額捐贈的一大部分投入蓋茨基金會,但目前似乎對這一合作感到失望。他向《華爾街日報》表示:“在我去世后,蓋茨基金會將不再獲得我的捐贈?!彼a充說,這些財富將轉(zhuǎn)入由其三個子女管理的新慈善信托。

本周一的聲明顯示,巴菲特額外向家族基金會分配了10億美元。他在規(guī)劃遺囑時表示,并不想“建立一個王朝”。他的核心理念是:“極其富有的父母應(yīng)留給子女足夠的財富,讓他們可以做任何事,但不要多到讓他們可以無所事事。”(財富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進龍

審校:汪皓

伯克希爾哈撒韋公司首席執(zhí)行官、傳奇投資者沃倫·巴菲特警告稱,遺囑的規(guī)劃可能決定一個人離世后家庭的和諧與否。

這位94歲的億萬富翁在周一發(fā)布的一封非常直白的公開信中提到,“時光老人從不敗北,但他也可能反復(fù)無常?!?/p>

討論死亡相關(guān)話題始終令人難以啟齒,而安排財產(chǎn)和遺物分配的細節(jié)同樣讓人望而卻步。然而,在即將到來的84萬億美元“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”面前,巴菲特強調(diào),不應(yīng)因害怕尷尬而拖延討論,這樣只會為未來埋下沖突的隱患。

巴菲特對家長的建議

作為全球最富有的人之一,沃倫·巴菲特的身家已超過1,510億美元。他曾公開表示自己巨額財富的安排計劃,早在2010年就與比爾·蓋茨及梅琳達·弗蘭奇·蓋茨一同承諾,在自己去世前將至少一半的財富捐贈給慈善事業(yè)。

盡管巴菲特巨額財富的分配規(guī)劃似乎與大多數(shù)普通人無關(guān),但在逐步分配自己龐大資產(chǎn)的過程中,他提出了一個對所有家庭都適用的建議——不僅限于億萬富翁。

巴菲特在信中寫道,“無論您的財富是普通水平還是極其豐厚,我還有一個建議:當(dāng)您的孩子足夠成熟時,在您簽署遺囑前,先讓他們看一下?!?/p>

在巴菲特看來,遺囑應(yīng)該是一次對話。他建議父母確保子女能夠理解“父母做出決策的邏輯,以及子女在父母去世后將面臨的責(zé)任?!蓖瑫r,立遺囑人應(yīng)傾聽子女的疑問或擔(dān)憂,“認真傾聽,并采納合理的建議?!?/p>

巴菲特坦言,多年來他與自己的孩子進行了類似的交流,并聽取了他們的反饋和建議。他說道:“我為自己的想法辯護并沒有什么不妥,我父親當(dāng)年也是這樣對我的?!?/p>

許多美國人將金錢視為家庭中的禁忌話題,但他們并未因此獲益。據(jù)富達投資(Fidelity Investments)的《財富流動性狀況調(diào)查》顯示,大多數(shù)人(56%)表示父母從未與他們談?wù)撨^金錢,但高達81%的人認為,若能更早接受財務(wù)教育,他們的生活會因此受益。

由于財務(wù)不安全感困擾,年輕一代迫切期待著“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”,即來自年長親屬的遺產(chǎn)。根據(jù)波士頓市場研究公司Cerulli Associates在2022年的預(yù)測,這場財富轉(zhuǎn)移預(yù)計將在2045年前后發(fā)生,價值約為84萬億美元。

然而,隨著嬰兒潮一代和“沉默的一代”準備交接資產(chǎn)和儲蓄,各種矛盾開始浮現(xiàn)。西北互助人壽保險公司(Northwestern Mutual)在其哈里斯民調(diào)中,對超過4,500名美國成年人進行了調(diào)查。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,雙方期望存在錯位,子女一代(Z世代和千禧一代)普遍期待的遺產(chǎn)金額往往高于長輩計劃留給他們的金額。

此外,根據(jù)市民銀行(Citizens Bank)針對1,500名美國成年人的調(diào)查,大多數(shù)美國人(72%)表示,他們對獨立管理一大筆財富缺乏足夠的財務(wù)信心。特別是千禧一代,他們表示對管理未來可能獲得的財富沒有信心。然而,提前進行適當(dāng)?shù)臏蕚浠蛟S可以緩解這些“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”中年輕受益者的焦慮。

遺囑糾紛的隱患

親人去世后,家庭關(guān)系可能迅速惡化。悲痛中的子女往往因財產(chǎn)分配爭執(zhí)不休,甚至連誰繼承那盞之前無人問津的丑燈也能引發(fā)爭論。而遺囑中的意外內(nèi)容,更是讓這種緊張局勢雪上加霜。

巴菲特提到他已故的商業(yè)伙伴查理·芒格時說道:“多年來,查理和我目睹了許多家庭因遺囑的內(nèi)容引發(fā)困惑甚至憤怒,而最終分崩離析?!?/p>

“在這種情況下,妒忌心態(tài)以及童年時期實際存在或想象中的不公平待遇會被放大,尤其是當(dāng)兒子在金錢分配或重要地位上被偏愛時,”他補充道,并解釋說,他會對遺囑做出小幅調(diào)整,并盡量保持內(nèi)容簡單明了。

另一方面,巴菲特也分享道,他和查理曾見證過一些家庭,通過提前充分溝通遺囑內(nèi)容,最終關(guān)系更加融洽。他感慨道,“還有什么比這更令人欣慰的呢?”

歸根結(jié)底,這需要立遺囑人在去世前分享自己的所有見解,因為一旦離世,就無法再解釋自己的立場了。巴菲特表示:“您不希望在自己無法作答時,孩子們還在為遺囑中的決定追問‘為什么’。”

巴菲特如何應(yīng)對“代際財富轉(zhuǎn)移”

無論巴菲特在賣出、買入,還是按兵不動,他的一舉一動都備受關(guān)注。在規(guī)劃個人財富時,同樣如此。

巴菲特曾公開承諾捐出超過99%的財富。他曾將這筆巨額捐贈的一大部分投入蓋茨基金會,但目前似乎對這一合作感到失望。他向《華爾街日報》表示:“在我去世后,蓋茨基金會將不再獲得我的捐贈?!彼a充說,這些財富將轉(zhuǎn)入由其三個子女管理的新慈善信托。

本周一的聲明顯示,巴菲特額外向家族基金會分配了10億美元。他在規(guī)劃遺囑時表示,并不想“建立一個王朝”。他的核心理念是:“極其富有的父母應(yīng)留給子女足夠的財富,讓他們可以做任何事,但不要多到讓他們可以無所事事?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進龍

審校:汪皓

Planning your will could make or break your family after your death, warns Berkshire Hathaway CEO and legendary investor Warren Buffett.

“Father time always wins. But he can be fickle,” the 94-year-old billionaire noted in an unusually candid letter released on Monday.

Conversations addressing one’s own death can be a difficult subject to broach. The logistics of what happens to our money and belongings can be an equally dreaded task. But ahead of the $84 trillion Great Wealth Transfer, Buffett asserts that there’s no sense in delaying the uncomfortable and risking future conflicts down the line.

Buffett’s advice for parents

As one of the richest people in the world, Buffett is currently worth more than $151 billion. He has voiced his plans for his massive nest egg, pledging in 2010 (alongside Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates) to give at least half of his fortune to charity before his death.

That’s all to say, Buffett’s riches and ensuing estate planning probably seem outside the realm of possibility for most of us. But while Buffett chips away and distributes his massive wealth, he appears to have found advice that’s applicable to more than just billionaires.

“I have one further suggestion for all parents, whether they are of modest or staggering wealth. When your children are mature, have them read your will before you sign it,” he wrote.

Your will should be a dialogue, in the eyes of Buffett. He suggests that parents make sure their children understand “both the logic for your decisions and the responsibilities they will encounter upon your death.” Then a benefactor should answer said questions or concerns, “l(fā)isten carefully, and adopt those found sensible.”

Buffett admits to doing as much with his kids over the years, and hearing their feedback and suggestions. “There is nothing wrong with my having to defend my thoughts. My dad did the same with me,” he explained.

Many Americans treat money as a taboo topic within their families, but they don’t feel better off for it. Most (56%) say their parents never spoke of money with them, though a striking 81% believe that they would have benefited from having financial education at an earlier age, according to the Fidelity Investments State of Wealth Mobility survey.

Plagued by financial insecurity, younger generations are eagerly awaiting a Great Wealth Transfer—or inheritance from their older relatives. The changing of the tides will likely take place by 2045 and be worth about $84 trillion, Boston-based market researcher Cerulli Associates projected in 2022.

But as boomers and the silent generation prepare to hand off assets and savings, wrinkles start to form. Expectations can be out of alignment, with Gen Z and millennial offspring anticipating to receive more than their elders say they expect to leave behind, according to Northwestern Mutual in ITS Harris Poll survey of more than 4,500 U.S. adults.

And most Americans (72%) report that they don’t feel they have enough financial confidence to manage a large influx of money by themselves, per a Citizens Bank survey of 1,500 U.S. adults. Millennials especially report feeling a lack of confidence in managing a potential future windfall. But a little bit of preparation beforehand could perhaps ease the minds of the privileged young beneficiaries of the Great Wealth Transfer.

When wills go wrong

Things can quickly deteriorate after a family member dies. Grieving offspring are left to squabble with siblings about dividing up money and deciding who gets that ugly lamp no one seemed to care about until now. Surprises in a will only exacerbate the tension.

“Over the years, Charlie and I saw many families driven apart after the posthumous dictates of the will left beneficiaries confused and sometimes angry,” Buffett said, referring to his since-passed former business partner Charlie Munger.

“Jealousies, along with actual or imagined slights during childhood, became magnified, particularly when sons were favored over daughters, either in monetary ways or by positions of importance,” he added, explaining that he makes minor adjustments to his will and keeps it simple.

On the other hand, Buffett shared that he and Charlie witnessed moments where a well-discussed will helped a family become closer in the end. “What could be more satisfying,” he mused.

Really, it’s about a benefactor sharing all their insight before they’ve passed and can no longer share their perspective. “You don’t want your children asking ‘Why?’ in respect to testamentary decisions when you are no longer able to respond.”

How Buffett is taking on the Great Wealth Transfer

The nation’s eyes are often on Buffett, whether he’s selling, buying, or simply sitting back and doing nothing. It’s no different when it comes to his planning for his fortune.

He’s famously pledged to give away more than 99% of his worth. While he at one point shelled out a large portion of this philanthropic effort to the Gates Foundation, Buffett has since seemingly soured on that partnership. “The Gates Foundation has no money coming after my death,” he told the Wall Street Journal, adding that instead his wealth will go to a new charitable trust as managed by his three children.

This Monday’s statement revealed that Buffett is distributing an extra $1 billion to his family’s foundations. He claims to not want to “create a dynasty” when planning out his will. Rather his cornerstone is that “hugely wealthy parents should leave their children enough so they can do anything but not enough that they can do nothing.”

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