民主黨和共和黨議員在很多議題上都難以達(dá)成共識(shí)。然而,有一種做法卻得到了兩黨議員的支持:個(gè)人股票交易。據(jù)匿名追蹤者運(yùn)營(yíng)的金融初創(chuàng)公司Unusual Whales對(duì)政客股票投資組合的年度分析顯示,2024年,來(lái)自兩大政黨的數(shù)十名國(guó)會(huì)議員的投資組合表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于基準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)普500指數(shù)。
報(bào)告顯示,去年民主黨議員的平均收益增長(zhǎng)了約31%,共和黨議員的平均收益增長(zhǎng)了26%,而標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的漲幅為24.9%。該報(bào)告分析了國(guó)會(huì)階段性交易報(bào)告中披露的交易情況(要求政客在買賣價(jià)值超過(guò)1000美元的股票、債券或其他證券時(shí)提交交易報(bào)告)。
該報(bào)告詳細(xì)闡述了多種分析方法,并明確指出所提供的數(shù)字應(yīng)被視為近似值,原因在于Unusual Whales無(wú)法獲取國(guó)會(huì)議員的私人財(cái)務(wù)記錄。報(bào)告“僅包括2023年12月29日至2024年12月30日期間能夠追蹤到的活躍股票持倉(cāng)情況”。
報(bào)告寫道:"我們的目標(biāo)是揭露議員在任期間通過(guò)股票交易獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益。通過(guò)分享這些發(fā)現(xiàn),我們希望引起公眾對(duì)潛在利益沖突以及加強(qiáng)問(wèn)責(zé)制的必要性的關(guān)注。"
民意調(diào)查顯示,絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人贊成禁止國(guó)會(huì)議員以及行政和司法部門成員在任期間進(jìn)行股票交易。這種觀點(diǎn)源于這樣一種看法,即考慮到政客和法官在履職過(guò)程中接觸到的非公開(kāi)信息,他們?cè)谑袌?chǎng)上具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。該報(bào)告詳細(xì)描述了潛在的沖突,比如共和黨眾議員瑪喬麗·泰勒·格林(Majorie Taylor Greene)購(gòu)買了數(shù)千股特斯拉股票,這些股票在首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)成為即將上任的總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)的關(guān)鍵顧問(wèn)后價(jià)值大幅上漲。
國(guó)會(huì)議員披露其交易情況的規(guī)定源于2012年頒布的《禁止利用國(guó)會(huì)見(jiàn)聞交易法案》,該法案出臺(tái)前曾有報(bào)道指出,議員們?cè)?008年金融危機(jī)期間獲利頗豐。但鑒于未提交交易報(bào)告面臨的罰款僅為200美元,批評(píng)人士認(rèn)為這根本不足以起到威懾作用。過(guò)去幾年里,盡管屢次有人力圖推動(dòng)制定全面禁止此類做法的法律,但這些努力在眾議院都以失敗告終。即將卸任的總統(tǒng)喬·拜登(Joe Biden)最近也表示支持這一禁令。
在報(bào)告中,Unusual Whales對(duì)兩類議員進(jìn)行了區(qū)分:一類是通常采取買入并持有策略且仍能獲得可觀收益的議員;另一類則是頻繁進(jìn)行交易的議員。報(bào)告指出,在去年的分析中,雖然北卡羅來(lái)納州共和黨眾議員大衛(wèi)·魯澤(David Rouzer)擁有所有議員中表現(xiàn)最佳的投資組合,估計(jì)收益上漲了104.1%。但他主要持有多年前購(gòu)入的交易所交易基金(ETF),這些基金對(duì)英偉達(dá)(Nvidia)等熱門股票有大量敞口。
與此同時(shí),交易較為活躍且業(yè)績(jī)出色的交易者包括加利福尼亞州民主黨重量級(jí)人物眾議員南希·佩洛西、俄勒岡州參議員羅恩·懷登(Ron Wyden),以及得克薩斯州共和黨眾議員丹·克倫肖(Dan Crenshaw)。報(bào)告稱,總體而言,議員們的投資表現(xiàn)超越了標(biāo)普指數(shù),這主要得益于他們?cè)诖笮涂萍脊局谐钟写罅抗煞?,尤其是民主黨議員。
報(bào)告寫道:“我們不要忘記,許多大型科技公司也在游說(shuō)這些議員(他們持有這些公司的股票)。我們的政客可能直接監(jiān)管那些可能會(huì)為這些公司帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益或損害的政策決策?!?
曾任眾議院議長(zhǎng)的佩洛西長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)因其交易(及其丈夫保羅的交易)而備受指責(zé)。在該報(bào)告中,她被特別點(diǎn)名,Unusual Whales稱她是“精通期權(quán)交易的行家”,并稱“她所披露的財(cái)務(wù)信息幾乎受到了狂熱追捧”。事實(shí)上,有關(guān)像佩洛西這樣交易的文章和服務(wù)比比皆是,據(jù)估算,她去年的投資收益增長(zhǎng)了約70.9%。
并非每位國(guó)會(huì)議員都是活躍交易者,根據(jù)Unusual Whales的數(shù)據(jù),大約有100名國(guó)會(huì)議員屬于活躍交易者,其中只有半數(shù)跑贏了標(biāo)普指數(shù)。
在過(guò)去幾年里,隨著越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人意識(shí)到這種做法的存在,許多人渴望從中獲利。如今有多個(gè)交易所交易基金(由Unusual Whales提供)、網(wǎng)站和通訊廣泛追蹤國(guó)會(huì)議員的股票交易動(dòng)態(tài)。
話雖如此,值得注意的是,近期的學(xué)術(shù)研究,包括達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院(Dartmouth College)2022年發(fā)表的一篇論文,常常發(fā)現(xiàn)“沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明”國(guó)會(huì)議員的“投資表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異”。
報(bào)告寫道:“股市對(duì)普通投資者而言本就是充滿挑戰(zhàn)的領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)國(guó)會(huì)議員的投資表現(xiàn)持續(xù)超越標(biāo)普500指數(shù)等基準(zhǔn)股指時(shí),就會(huì)引發(fā)有關(guān)公平性的嚴(yán)重質(zhì)疑。如今是時(shí)候讓議員們專注于為公眾謀利益,而非自己的投資組合了?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
民主黨和共和黨議員在很多議題上都難以達(dá)成共識(shí)。然而,有一種做法卻得到了兩黨議員的支持:個(gè)人股票交易。據(jù)匿名追蹤者運(yùn)營(yíng)的金融初創(chuàng)公司Unusual Whales對(duì)政客股票投資組合的年度分析顯示,2024年,來(lái)自兩大政黨的數(shù)十名國(guó)會(huì)議員的投資組合表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于基準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)普500指數(shù)。
報(bào)告顯示,去年民主黨議員的平均收益增長(zhǎng)了約31%,共和黨議員的平均收益增長(zhǎng)了26%,而標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的漲幅為24.9%。該報(bào)告分析了國(guó)會(huì)階段性交易報(bào)告中披露的交易情況(要求政客在買賣價(jià)值超過(guò)1000美元的股票、債券或其他證券時(shí)提交交易報(bào)告)。
該報(bào)告詳細(xì)闡述了多種分析方法,并明確指出所提供的數(shù)字應(yīng)被視為近似值,原因在于Unusual Whales無(wú)法獲取國(guó)會(huì)議員的私人財(cái)務(wù)記錄。報(bào)告“僅包括2023年12月29日至2024年12月30日期間能夠追蹤到的活躍股票持倉(cāng)情況”。
報(bào)告寫道:"我們的目標(biāo)是揭露議員在任期間通過(guò)股票交易獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益。通過(guò)分享這些發(fā)現(xiàn),我們希望引起公眾對(duì)潛在利益沖突以及加強(qiáng)問(wèn)責(zé)制的必要性的關(guān)注。"
民意調(diào)查顯示,絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人贊成禁止國(guó)會(huì)議員以及行政和司法部門成員在任期間進(jìn)行股票交易。這種觀點(diǎn)源于這樣一種看法,即考慮到政客和法官在履職過(guò)程中接觸到的非公開(kāi)信息,他們?cè)谑袌?chǎng)上具有優(yōu)勢(shì)。該報(bào)告詳細(xì)描述了潛在的沖突,比如共和黨眾議員瑪喬麗·泰勒·格林(Majorie Taylor Greene)購(gòu)買了數(shù)千股特斯拉股票,這些股票在首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克(Elon Musk)成為即將上任的總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)的關(guān)鍵顧問(wèn)后價(jià)值大幅上漲。
國(guó)會(huì)議員披露其交易情況的規(guī)定源于2012年頒布的《禁止利用國(guó)會(huì)見(jiàn)聞交易法案》,該法案出臺(tái)前曾有報(bào)道指出,議員們?cè)?008年金融危機(jī)期間獲利頗豐。但鑒于未提交交易報(bào)告面臨的罰款僅為200美元,批評(píng)人士認(rèn)為這根本不足以起到威懾作用。過(guò)去幾年里,盡管屢次有人力圖推動(dòng)制定全面禁止此類做法的法律,但這些努力在眾議院都以失敗告終。即將卸任的總統(tǒng)喬·拜登(Joe Biden)最近也表示支持這一禁令。
在報(bào)告中,Unusual Whales對(duì)兩類議員進(jìn)行了區(qū)分:一類是通常采取買入并持有策略且仍能獲得可觀收益的議員;另一類則是頻繁進(jìn)行交易的議員。報(bào)告指出,在去年的分析中,雖然北卡羅來(lái)納州共和黨眾議員大衛(wèi)·魯澤(David Rouzer)擁有所有議員中表現(xiàn)最佳的投資組合,估計(jì)收益上漲了104.1%。但他主要持有多年前購(gòu)入的交易所交易基金(ETF),這些基金對(duì)英偉達(dá)(Nvidia)等熱門股票有大量敞口。
與此同時(shí),交易較為活躍且業(yè)績(jī)出色的交易者包括加利福尼亞州民主黨重量級(jí)人物眾議員南希·佩洛西、俄勒岡州參議員羅恩·懷登(Ron Wyden),以及得克薩斯州共和黨眾議員丹·克倫肖(Dan Crenshaw)。報(bào)告稱,總體而言,議員們的投資表現(xiàn)超越了標(biāo)普指數(shù),這主要得益于他們?cè)诖笮涂萍脊局谐钟写罅抗煞?,尤其是民主黨議員。
報(bào)告寫道:“我們不要忘記,許多大型科技公司也在游說(shuō)這些議員(他們持有這些公司的股票)。我們的政客可能直接監(jiān)管那些可能會(huì)為這些公司帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益或損害的政策決策。”
曾任眾議院議長(zhǎng)的佩洛西長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)因其交易(及其丈夫保羅的交易)而備受指責(zé)。在該報(bào)告中,她被特別點(diǎn)名,Unusual Whales稱她是“精通期權(quán)交易的行家”,并稱“她所披露的財(cái)務(wù)信息幾乎受到了狂熱追捧”。事實(shí)上,有關(guān)像佩洛西這樣交易的文章和服務(wù)比比皆是,據(jù)估算,她去年的投資收益增長(zhǎng)了約70.9%。
并非每位國(guó)會(huì)議員都是活躍交易者,根據(jù)Unusual Whales的數(shù)據(jù),大約有100名國(guó)會(huì)議員屬于活躍交易者,其中只有半數(shù)跑贏了標(biāo)普指數(shù)。
在過(guò)去幾年里,隨著越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人意識(shí)到這種做法的存在,許多人渴望從中獲利。如今有多個(gè)交易所交易基金(由Unusual Whales提供)、網(wǎng)站和通訊廣泛追蹤國(guó)會(huì)議員的股票交易動(dòng)態(tài)。
話雖如此,值得注意的是,近期的學(xué)術(shù)研究,包括達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院(Dartmouth College)2022年發(fā)表的一篇論文,常常發(fā)現(xiàn)“沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明”國(guó)會(huì)議員的“投資表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異”。
報(bào)告寫道:“股市對(duì)普通投資者而言本就是充滿挑戰(zhàn)的領(lǐng)域。當(dāng)國(guó)會(huì)議員的投資表現(xiàn)持續(xù)超越標(biāo)普500指數(shù)等基準(zhǔn)股指時(shí),就會(huì)引發(fā)有關(guān)公平性的嚴(yán)重質(zhì)疑。如今是時(shí)候讓議員們專注于為公眾謀利益,而非自己的投資組合了。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Democratic and Republican lawmakers can’t agree on much. But there is one practice among members that enjoys bipartisan support: individual stock trading. The portfolios of dozens of members of Congress from both major parties outperformed the benchmark S&P 500 in 2024, according to the annual analysis of the politicians’ stock portfolios by Unusual Whales, a financial startup run by an anonymous tracker.
Democratic lawmakers were up an average of around 31% last year while Republican saw a 26% increase, compared to the S&P’s 24.9% rise, according to the report, which analyzed trades disclosed through Congress’s periodic transaction reports, which the politicians must file when they buy or sell stocks, bonds, or other securities worth over $1,000.
The report details more of the methodology, and makes clear the figures should be treated as approximations, as Unusual Whales does not have access to Congress’s private financial records. It includes “only the trackable active stock positions from December 29, 2023 to December 30, 2024.”
“Our goal is to shine a spotlight on the financial gains made from stock trades executed while in office,” the report reads. “By sharing these findings, we hope to draw attention to potential conflicts of interest and the need for greater accountability.”
Public polling shows that Americans are overwhelmingly in favor of banning members of Congress, as well as members of the executive and judicial branches, from making trades while in office. This view stems from a perception that politicians and judges have an advantage in the market, given the non-public information they learn in their duties. The report details potential conflicts, such as Republican Rep. Majorie Taylor Greene’s purchase of thousands of Tesla shares that ballooned in value as CEO Elon Musk became a key advisor to incoming President Donald Trump.
That Congress members disclose their trades at all is the result of the 2012 STOCK Act, which followed reports of lawmakers making out handsomely around the 2008 financial crisis. But given that the fine for failing to file is $200, critics say it’s not much of a deterrent. There have been several efforts over the past few years to ban the practice completely, but those have floundered in the House. Outgoing President Joe Biden recently came out in favor of the ban.
In the report, Unusual Whales makes the distinction between those who typically buy and hold and still see good gains and those who trade often. It notes that while Rep. David Rouzer, R-N.C., saw the best portfolio performance of any member in the analysis last year—he was up an estimated 104.1%—he mainly holds ETFs he bought years ago that have hefty exposure to stock darlings like Nvidia.
Meanwhile, more active traders performing well include Democratic heavyweights Rep. Nancy Pelosi of California and Sen. Ron Wyden of Oregon, and Republican Rep. Dan Crenshaw of Texas. Overall, members did better than the S&P because of their large positions in Big Tech, particularly Democrats, according to the report.
“Let’s not forget that many of these big tech companies also lobby the very same people that hold company shares,” the report reads. “Our politicians may have direct 3333333333333333oversight over policy decisions that could financially help or hurt these companies.”
Pelosi, formerly the Speaker of the House, has long come under fire for her trades (and her husband David’s). She receives a special call out in the report, with Unusual Whales dubbing her a “a skilled options trader” with “an almost cult-like following for her financial disclosures.” Indeed, articles and services abound to trade like Pelosi, who was up an estimated 70.9% last year.
Not every member of Congress is an active trader—around 100 members are, according to Unusual Whales, and only half of them beat the S&P.
As more Americans have become aware of the practice over the past few years, plenty have wanted to cash in themselves. There are now multiple ETFs (courtesy of Unusual Whales), websites, and newsletters that track Congressional stock trades broadly.
That said, it’s worth noting that recent academic research, including a 2022 paper from Dartmouth College, often finds “no evidence of superior investment performance” among members of Congress.
“The stock market is already a challenging arena for ordinary investors. When Congress members consistently outperform benchmarks like the S&P 500, it raises serious questions about fairness,” the report reads. “It’s time for lawmakers to focus on serving the public interest, not their portfolios.”