
? 對沖基金橋水基金創(chuàng)始人瑞·達利歐表示,在總統(tǒng)第二任期屆滿前,美國必須將其赤字水平從預(yù)期的7.5%削減至3%,否則,債券市場將無法吸納財政部新發(fā)行的國債,進而引發(fā)死亡漩渦。
在債券市場使美國陷入債務(wù)死亡漩渦之前,唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)只有不到三年的時間將財政赤字削減一半以上。
唯一的問題在于,相對于技術(shù)進步可能帶來的生產(chǎn)力的重大提升,對于那些已深受生活成本危機之苦的普通美國人而言,需要實施多大程度的緊縮政策?
這是億萬富翁投資者瑞·達利歐上周四在迪拜舉行的世界政府峰會上發(fā)出的嚴(yán)重警告。他認為,美國國債已超過36萬億美元且還在不斷增加,這無異于在動脈壁上堆積的斑塊,正侵蝕著美國的金融體系。
除非特朗普政府能夠說服債券投資者接受與財政可持續(xù)性相匹配的較低投資回報率,否則,如果政府繼續(xù)肆意揮霍而不采取解決措施,“經(jīng)濟心臟病發(fā)作”迫在眉睫。
他警告稱:“如果特朗普的減稅政策繼續(xù)推行,我預(yù)計美國的赤字將達到國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的7.5%左右。”他呼吁白宮和國會承諾在未來三年內(nèi)將赤字削減至國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的3%。
擔(dān)心債券市場無法吸納供應(yīng)
在上周三公布高于預(yù)期的通脹數(shù)據(jù)之后,華爾街不再指望通過進一步降息來緩解通脹。由于有消息稱1月份消費者價格漲幅超出預(yù)期,基準(zhǔn)10年期國債收益率仍保持在4.6%以上。
然而,物價上漲速度越快,債券投資者持有主權(quán)債務(wù)等固定收益證券所要求的溢價就越高。這將對政府為償還不斷增長的國債所必須劃撥的支出比例構(gòu)成進一步壓力。
由于債券市場必須像吸水海綿一樣吸納資金以維持低借貸成本,達利歐擔(dān)心,終有一天它們將無法繼續(xù)吸納日益增加的國債發(fā)行量。
屆時,債券市場將面臨窒息的風(fēng)險,利率將會飆升,美國將不得不借越來越多的資金來償還越來越少的借款。到那時,債務(wù)的死亡旋渦就會隨之而來。
達利歐說:"當(dāng)我對未來一年乃至三年的供需狀況進行測算時,我們面臨著一個迫在眉睫的問題?!?/p>
美國政府必須迅速行動——即使會造成破壞
白宮經(jīng)濟顧問凱文·哈西特(Kevin Hassett)周一透露,政府為控制通脹所制定的計劃是:“增加供給,削減總需求。”
然而,除非在每小時產(chǎn)出方面取得實質(zhì)性進步——比如通過人工智能或機器人技術(shù)帶來生產(chǎn)率提升——或者顯著延長加班時間,否則鑒于特朗普計劃進行有史以來最大規(guī)模的非法移民驅(qū)逐行動,要實現(xiàn)增加供給這一目標(biāo)將會變得更為艱難。
因此,特朗普需要更多地依賴于削減總需求這一策略。但削減總需求不過是政府蓄意抑制經(jīng)濟增長的一種委婉說法,通常是通過實施被稱為緊縮政策的開支削減措施來實現(xiàn)的。
達利歐認為,美國已不太可能就削減開支的廣泛性和規(guī)模達成社會共識,以實現(xiàn)3%的赤字率目標(biāo)。時間緊迫,現(xiàn)在必須迅速行動,甚至不惜以破壞為代價。
屆時,社會將不得不共同承受由此帶來的損害,然后收拾殘局?!凹热粚崿F(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要,那就果斷執(zhí)行?!彼硎?,指的是緊縮政策?!叭缓竽銜l(fā)現(xiàn)哪些損失是可以接受的?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
? 對沖基金橋水基金創(chuàng)始人瑞·達利歐表示,在總統(tǒng)第二任期屆滿前,美國必須將其赤字水平從預(yù)期的7.5%削減至3%,否則,債券市場將無法吸納財政部新發(fā)行的國債,進而引發(fā)死亡漩渦。
在債券市場使美國陷入債務(wù)死亡漩渦之前,唐納德·特朗普總統(tǒng)只有不到三年的時間將財政赤字削減一半以上。
唯一的問題在于,相對于技術(shù)進步可能帶來的生產(chǎn)力的重大提升,對于那些已深受生活成本危機之苦的普通美國人而言,需要實施多大程度的緊縮政策?
這是億萬富翁投資者瑞·達利歐上周四在迪拜舉行的世界政府峰會上發(fā)出的嚴(yán)重警告。他認為,美國國債已超過36萬億美元且還在不斷增加,這無異于在動脈壁上堆積的斑塊,正侵蝕著美國的金融體系。
除非特朗普政府能夠說服債券投資者接受與財政可持續(xù)性相匹配的較低投資回報率,否則,如果政府繼續(xù)肆意揮霍而不采取解決措施,“經(jīng)濟心臟病發(fā)作”迫在眉睫。
他警告稱:“如果特朗普的減稅政策繼續(xù)推行,我預(yù)計美國的赤字將達到國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的7.5%左右?!彼粲醢讓m和國會承諾在未來三年內(nèi)將赤字削減至國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的3%。
擔(dān)心債券市場無法吸納供應(yīng)
在上周三公布高于預(yù)期的通脹數(shù)據(jù)之后,華爾街不再指望通過進一步降息來緩解通脹。由于有消息稱1月份消費者價格漲幅超出預(yù)期,基準(zhǔn)10年期國債收益率仍保持在4.6%以上。
然而,物價上漲速度越快,債券投資者持有主權(quán)債務(wù)等固定收益證券所要求的溢價就越高。這將對政府為償還不斷增長的國債所必須劃撥的支出比例構(gòu)成進一步壓力。
由于債券市場必須像吸水海綿一樣吸納資金以維持低借貸成本,達利歐擔(dān)心,終有一天它們將無法繼續(xù)吸納日益增加的國債發(fā)行量。
屆時,債券市場將面臨窒息的風(fēng)險,利率將會飆升,美國將不得不借越來越多的資金來償還越來越少的借款。到那時,債務(wù)的死亡旋渦就會隨之而來。
達利歐說:"當(dāng)我對未來一年乃至三年的供需狀況進行測算時,我們面臨著一個迫在眉睫的問題?!?/p>
美國政府必須迅速行動——即使會造成破壞
白宮經(jīng)濟顧問凱文·哈西特(Kevin Hassett)周一透露,政府為控制通脹所制定的計劃是:“增加供給,削減總需求?!?/p>
然而,除非在每小時產(chǎn)出方面取得實質(zhì)性進步——比如通過人工智能或機器人技術(shù)帶來生產(chǎn)率提升——或者顯著延長加班時間,否則鑒于特朗普計劃進行有史以來最大規(guī)模的非法移民驅(qū)逐行動,要實現(xiàn)增加供給這一目標(biāo)將會變得更為艱難。
因此,特朗普需要更多地依賴于削減總需求這一策略。但削減總需求不過是政府蓄意抑制經(jīng)濟增長的一種委婉說法,通常是通過實施被稱為緊縮政策的開支削減措施來實現(xiàn)的。
達利歐認為,美國已不太可能就削減開支的廣泛性和規(guī)模達成社會共識,以實現(xiàn)3%的赤字率目標(biāo)。時間緊迫,現(xiàn)在必須迅速行動,甚至不惜以破壞為代價。
屆時,社會將不得不共同承受由此帶來的損害,然后收拾殘局?!凹热粚崿F(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要,那就果斷執(zhí)行?!彼硎荆傅氖蔷o縮政策?!叭缓竽銜l(fā)現(xiàn)哪些損失是可以接受的?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
? The U.S. must slash its deficit to 3% from an expected 7.5% before the president’s second term in office ends, otherwise bond markets will not be able to absorb the amount of new debt the Treasury issues and a death spiral will ensue, according to Bridgewater hedge fund founder Ray Dalio.
President Donald Trump has no more than three years to slash the fiscal deficit by over half before bond markets plunge the United States into a debt death spiral.
The only question is how much austerity will need to be imposed on everyday Americans already suffering from a cost-of-living crisis versus the vital contributions to productivity that technological advances could bring.
That’s the dire warning issued by billionaire investor Ray Dalio at the World Governments Summit in Dubai on Thursday. He believes the $36 trillion and counting in national debt is effectively plaque building up on the arterial walls of the U.S. financial system.
Unless the Trump administration can persuade bond investors to accept a lower return on their investment that is commensurate with fiscal sustainability, an “economic heart attack” is imminent if continued government profligacy is unaddressed.
“The United States will run a deficit of about 7.5% of GDP if the Trump tax cuts continue, which I expect,” he warned, calling on the White House and Congress to commit to cutting the deficit to 3% of GDP in the next three years.
Fears the bond market can’t soak up the supply
Following Wednesday’s red-hot inflation print, Wall Street no longer expects relief in the form of further interest rate cuts. Yields on benchmark 10-year Treasuries remained above 4.6% amid news that consumer prices increased more than expected in January.
The faster prices rise, however, the higher the premium bond investors will demand to hold fixed-income securities like sovereign debt. This would put further pressure on the share of government spending that must be allocated just to service the growing national debt.
Since bond markets must act like a sponge to keep borrowing costs low, Dalio fears at some point they will no longer be able to soak up the ever-increasing amount of Treasuries issued.
At that point they’ll choke, interest rates will soar, the U.S. will have to borrow more and more money just to pay down fewer and fewer IOUs. At that point the debt death spiral ensues.
“When I calculate the supply and demand over the next year and three years,” said Dalio, “we have an immediate issue.”
U.S. government must move fast—even if it breaks things
White House economic advisor Kevin Hassett revealed on Monday the administration’s plan for getting inflation under control: “increase supply and reduce aggregate demand.”
Barring material advances in output per hour worked, however—e.g., through AI- or robotics-enabled productivity gains—or significantly more overtime, growing the former is harder given Trump’s plans for the largest ever mass deportation of undocumented immigrants.
Therefore Trump will need to achieve that much more of the latter. But lowering aggregate demand is little more than a fancy term for deliberately depressing growth, typically through government spending cuts known as austerity.
Dalio argued the U.S. no longer had the luxury to form a consensus in society over the breadth and scale of the cuts needed to get to a 3% deficit. Time has run short, and now it is an imperative to move fast, even at the cost of breaking things.
Society would then have to see, collectively, what kind of damage ensues and then pick up the pieces afterwards. “Since achieving that must be of paramount importance, you do it,” he said referring to austerity. “Then you find out what’s tolerable.”