作為專門寫文章介紹如何構建投資組合的策略師,我日常研究的投資類型從經典核心資產到小眾領域無所不包。但我自己在投資時會如何選擇?我會避開以下七類投資。
主動管理型基金
對主動管理的價值,我始終持懷疑態(tài)度。我將主要資產配置于被動管理型產品,簡化了投資組合管理流程。這讓我可以專注于整體資產配置與個人財務狀況和目標的匹配度,不必耗費精力追蹤主動管理型基金是否仍在創(chuàng)造附加價值。
房地產投資信托基金
我對房地產投資持保留態(tài)度源于兩大考量:多元化效應與特殊風險。
就多元化效應而言,我認為房地產作為投資組合多元化工具的價值常被過分夸大。而且房地產投資存在大量特定的風險。而這些風險對于我這個缺乏專業(yè)知識的“門外漢”而言難以駕馭。
行業(yè)主題基金
當某個領域或行業(yè)的增長前景開始引發(fā)大眾追捧時,其估值往往已透支未來增長空間。
更關鍵的是,投資者很難有效利用投資組合中的行業(yè)主題基金。晨星(Morningstar)的最新研究發(fā)現,截至2024年的十年間,行業(yè)主題基金的資金加權回報率每年落后時間加權回報率近3個百分點。對于這樣的表現,我選擇敬而遠之。
另類投資
另類投資本應提供與傳統資產迥異的收益特征。
但其歷史表現最多只能說是好壞參半。雖然另類投資基金在2022年的熊市中表現亮眼,但長期來看,它們的整體表現令人失望。
非傳統股票基金稍勝一籌,但其回報率仍明顯落后于大盤股和投資級債券傳統六四配比的投資組合所帶來的回報率。
I系列債券
理論上,我并不反對I系列債券。這類抗通脹利器兼具稅務優(yōu)勢,堪稱完美。
但我為什么沒有投資這類資產?原因很簡單:申購上限和其他操作方面的缺點。個人投資者每年只能申購價值10,000美元的I系列債券,這使得投資者很難在已經建立的投資組合中積累足夠大的頭寸。而且I系列債券只能通過Treasury Direct網站買賣。
高收益?zhèn)?/p>
高收益?zhèn)灶~外的信用風險為代價,提供誘人的收益溢價。隨著時間的推移,其收益率高于平均水平。
但這類投資也存在一些缺點。由于其信用風險更高,因此它們的性質更像是股票,而不是債券。這導致它們相對于其他固定收益證券,難以發(fā)揮投資組合多元化工具的作用。
總體而言,高收益?zhèn)瘜ξ也]有太大的吸引力。我持有固定收益類產品的主要目標是,抵消股票資產的風險,因此我將垃圾債券排除在外。
黃金
黃金在市場危機時期展現出出色的避險屬性,且與大多數主要資產的相關性較低。但黃金并不足以打動我,成為我的投資項目之一。
從根本上而言,黃金并不是一種增長型資產:在長期市場周期中,黃金的價值在通脹調整后基本保持穩(wěn)定。我的主要投資目標是追求長期增長,而且我持有足夠多的現金和短期債券,可以在市場下跌時提供穩(wěn)定性。
本文由晨星提供給美聯社。
本文作者艾米·阿諾特為晨星的投資組合經理。(財富中文網)
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
作為專門寫文章介紹如何構建投資組合的策略師,我日常研究的投資類型從經典核心資產到小眾領域無所不包。但我自己在投資時會如何選擇?我會避開以下七類投資。
主動管理型基金
對主動管理的價值,我始終持懷疑態(tài)度。我將主要資產配置于被動管理型產品,簡化了投資組合管理流程。這讓我可以專注于整體資產配置與個人財務狀況和目標的匹配度,不必耗費精力追蹤主動管理型基金是否仍在創(chuàng)造附加價值。
房地產投資信托基金
我對房地產投資持保留態(tài)度源于兩大考量:多元化效應與特殊風險。
就多元化效應而言,我認為房地產作為投資組合多元化工具的價值常被過分夸大。而且房地產投資存在大量特定的風險。而這些風險對于我這個缺乏專業(yè)知識的“門外漢”而言難以駕馭。
行業(yè)主題基金
當某個領域或行業(yè)的增長前景開始引發(fā)大眾追捧時,其估值往往已透支未來增長空間。
更關鍵的是,投資者很難有效利用投資組合中的行業(yè)主題基金。晨星(Morningstar)的最新研究發(fā)現,截至2024年的十年間,行業(yè)主題基金的資金加權回報率每年落后時間加權回報率近3個百分點。對于這樣的表現,我選擇敬而遠之。
另類投資
另類投資本應提供與傳統資產迥異的收益特征。
但其歷史表現最多只能說是好壞參半。雖然另類投資基金在2022年的熊市中表現亮眼,但長期來看,它們的整體表現令人失望。
非傳統股票基金稍勝一籌,但其回報率仍明顯落后于大盤股和投資級債券傳統六四配比的投資組合所帶來的回報率。
I系列債券
理論上,我并不反對I系列債券。這類抗通脹利器兼具稅務優(yōu)勢,堪稱完美。
但我為什么沒有投資這類資產?原因很簡單:申購上限和其他操作方面的缺點。個人投資者每年只能申購價值10,000美元的I系列債券,這使得投資者很難在已經建立的投資組合中積累足夠大的頭寸。而且I系列債券只能通過Treasury Direct網站買賣。
高收益?zhèn)?/p>
高收益?zhèn)灶~外的信用風險為代價,提供誘人的收益溢價。隨著時間的推移,其收益率高于平均水平。
但這類投資也存在一些缺點。由于其信用風險更高,因此它們的性質更像是股票,而不是債券。這導致它們相對于其他固定收益證券,難以發(fā)揮投資組合多元化工具的作用。
總體而言,高收益?zhèn)瘜ξ也]有太大的吸引力。我持有固定收益類產品的主要目標是,抵消股票資產的風險,因此我將垃圾債券排除在外。
黃金
黃金在市場危機時期展現出出色的避險屬性,且與大多數主要資產的相關性較低。但黃金并不足以打動我,成為我的投資項目之一。
從根本上而言,黃金并不是一種增長型資產:在長期市場周期中,黃金的價值在通脹調整后基本保持穩(wěn)定。我的主要投資目標是追求長期增長,而且我持有足夠多的現金和短期債券,可以在市場下跌時提供穩(wěn)定性。
本文由晨星提供給美聯社。
本文作者艾米·阿諾特為晨星的投資組合經理。(財富中文網)
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
As someone who writes about building portfolios for a living, I research many types of investments, from tried-and-true core holdings to more esoteric corners of the investment world. But what do I actually do with my own money? Here are seven investment types that I’ve decided to take a pass on.
Actively managed funds
I’m fairly skeptical about the value of active management in general. Keeping the bulk of my assets passively managed also simplifies portfolio management. I can focus my time on making sure my overall asset mix is appropriate for my financial situation and goals instead of keeping track of whether an active manager is still adding value.
Real estate investment trusts
There are two key reasons why I’m skeptical about real estate: diversification and idiosyncratic risk.
On the diversification side, I think the value of real estate as a portfolio diversifier has often been overstated. And there are a lot of risks specific to real estate investing. I don’t have any specialized industry knowledge that would give me a unique capability to mitigate these risks.
Sector funds
By the time people start getting intrigued by the growth prospects for a given sector or industry, much of the potential is already priced in to valuations.
What’s more, sector funds have been incredibly difficult for investors to effectively use in a portfolio. Morningstar recently found that dollar-weighted returns for sector funds over the 10-year period through 2024 trailed time-weighted returns by nearly 3 percentage points per year. With a track record like that, I’m staying far, far away.
Alternative investments
Alternative investments are designed to offer something fundamentally different from mainstream asset classes.
But their track record is mixed at best. Some alternative-fund categories were successful during 2022’s bear market. But over longer periods, they’ve generally disappointed.
Nontraditional equity funds have fared a bit better. But they’re still well behind the return of a traditional 60/40 mix of large-cap stocks and investment-grade bonds.
I bonds
I don’t have a philosophical objection to I bonds. They’re one of the best ways to hedge against inflation, and they also boast tax benefits.
Why haven’t I bought them? The reasons are pretty mundane: purchase limits and other practical drawbacks. Individual investors can only purchase $10,000 worth of I bonds per year, making it tough to amass a big enough position to make a significant difference in an already-established portfolio. And I bonds can be bought and sold only through the Treasury Direct website.
High-yield bonds
High-yield bonds offer a yield premium in exchange for their additional credit risk. They’ve also generated above-average returns over time.
But they also have some drawbacks. Because of their added levels of credit risk, they tend to be more equitylike than bond like. That makes them less useful as portfolio diversifiers than other fixed-income securities.
Overall, high-yield bonds don’t look that compelling to me. My main goal for fixed-income holdings is to offset the risk of my equity assets, so I’ve given junk bonds a pass.
Gold
Gold has a relatively solid record as a safe haven during periods of market crisis and also sports a low correlation with most major asset classes. But I haven’t been impressed enough to add it to my portfolio.
Fundamentally, gold isn’t a growth asset: Its value typically remains stable in inflation-adjusted terms over long-term market cycles. My primary investment goal is long-term growth, and I have enough cash and shorter-term bond holdings to add ballast during market drawdowns.
____
This article was provided to The Associated Press by Morningstar.
Amy Arnott is a portfolio strategist at Morningstar.