教育

學(xué)校企業(yè)化

????你身邊的中小學(xué)教育正變得更加市場化。

????首當(dāng)其沖的是教師，他們需要遵守與企業(yè)類似的晉升制度來獲得升職。教齡不再是教育工作者能否達(dá)到“特級教師”級別的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，取而代之的是資質(zhì)。（紐約的許多學(xué)校已經(jīng)將這個理念付諸實(shí)施。在那里，教師被稱為“教學(xué)導(dǎo)師”。）加州大學(xué)伯克利分校教育研究院（UC Berkeley's graduate school of education）教授布魯斯?福勒說：“當(dāng)然，這不僅意味著要淘汰不稱職的教師，而且還要提高教師的工作效率”。

????考試將變得更加集中——甚至?xí)兊酶又匾?，州級評估考試將給國家考試讓路，而且以考核技能為主的測試將成為實(shí)現(xiàn)職業(yè)規(guī)劃的快速通道?！芭c大學(xué)學(xué)位相比，通過嚴(yán)格的資格認(rèn)證考試獲得的證書在就業(yè)市場上將具有更高的價值，”非盈利教育機(jī)構(gòu)可汗學(xué)院（Khan Academy）的薩爾?汗補(bǔ)充道。

????除此之外，由于高中畢業(yè)生并未掌握技術(shù)，企業(yè)有可能創(chuàng)辦自己的學(xué)校。比如沃爾瑪高中（Wal-Mart High）。有人報名嗎？

????——丹尼爾?羅伯茲

Education

Schools learn from businesses

????A more market-minded approach is coming to a K-12 classroom near you.

????It may start with teachers, who will move up the educational equivalent of a corporate ladder. Forget tenure; educators would instead build to "master teacher" level. (The idea already exists in many New York schools, where they're called "mentor teachers.") "It's not just meant to prune lousy teachers, but also to make them more effective," says Bruce Fuller, a professor at UC Berkeley's graduate school of education.

????Testing will become more centralized -- and potentially more important, state assessment exams will give way to national ones, and skills-based testing could fast-track careers. "Credentials based on rigorous certification exams will be more valuable in the job market than a college degree," adds Sal Khan of the education nonprofit Khan Academy.

????And corporations, frustrated by the skills gap of high school grads, may open schools of their own. Wal-Mart High, anyone?

????--Daniel Roberts