私募機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的“腰果”案例
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????私募股權(quán)投資公司到底創(chuàng)不創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)？人們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)進(jìn)行過(guò)很多的討論。因此，現(xiàn)在我們非常有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)實(shí)例，即就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)不僅無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議地創(chuàng)造出來(lái)，而且新招聘的員工是貧困的農(nóng)民。而且，參與其中的私募股權(quán)投資公司投入的是時(shí)間、而不是金錢。 ????下面就是這個(gè)“腰果”故事的簡(jiǎn)要情況： ????去年10月，KKR集團(tuán)開(kāi)辦了新加坡辦事處。不久之后，該集團(tuán)亞太公共事務(wù)總監(jiān)史蒂夫?奧肯開(kāi)始尋求跟一家本地機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行合作，以開(kāi)展一項(xiàng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任行動(dòng)。于是，他開(kāi)始跟亞洲社會(huì)效應(yīng)投資交易所（Impact Investment Exchange Asia，以下簡(jiǎn)稱IIX）磋商，后者是一家通過(guò)投資專注于社會(huì)部門發(fā)展的機(jī)構(gòu)。不過(guò)，IIX拒絕了奧肯，稱自己曾吃過(guò)投資銀行的虧，因?yàn)樗鼈儐?dòng)了項(xiàng)目，結(jié)果等到出現(xiàn)了大型的新銀行交易項(xiàng)目就半途而廢了（IIX知道大型銀行交易對(duì)投行意味著什么，因?yàn)樗膭?chuàng)始人本身就曾經(jīng)是投資銀行家）。 ????奧肯沒(méi)有放棄，同時(shí)承諾KKR的參與將是來(lái)自不同辦事處的成員（新加坡和澳大利亞），而且將利用夜晚和周末時(shí)間進(jìn)行（只要IIX也愿意）。 ????不久，兩家機(jī)構(gòu)選定了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目：東巴厘島腰果加工廠（East Bali Cashews），也是巴厘島第一家大型腰果加工廠。這家工廠以使用環(huán)保加工工藝而著稱，還從波恩的貧困農(nóng)村地區(qū)雇傭了130名左右的員工。 ????東巴厘島腰果加工廠需要90萬(wàn)美元的新資金，以開(kāi)設(shè)第二家工廠、購(gòu)買新機(jī)器、另外雇傭100名新員工。不過(guò)，盡管這家工廠知道如何加工腰果，但對(duì)籌集資金幾乎毫無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 ????因此，KKR的三名員工花費(fèi)數(shù)月時(shí)間跟東巴厘島腰果加工廠以及IIX的團(tuán)隊(duì)展開(kāi)合作，以確定需求、撰寫(xiě)商業(yè)計(jì)劃，同時(shí)提供一般的業(yè)務(wù)咨詢。然而，KKR沒(méi)有直接投資，因?yàn)樗嘈?，自己最大的價(jià)值將是向腰果加工廠管理者傳授知識(shí)，這樣后者就能更加高效地經(jīng)營(yíng)、發(fā)展他們的業(yè)務(wù)。最終，腰果加工廠籌到了資金——很大程度上是因?yàn)樗梢詾闈撛谕顿Y者呈現(xiàn)一份“經(jīng)KKR審批通過(guò)的”商業(yè)計(jì)劃。
????IIX的一家姊妹機(jī)構(gòu)估計(jì)，今年每投給東巴厘島腰果加工廠1美元，它就能創(chuàng)造額外24美分的社會(huì)價(jià)值。 ????奧肯認(rèn)為，這對(duì)有志于企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任行動(dòng)的私募股權(quán)投資公司來(lái)說(shuō)是有益的一課：“沒(méi)錯(cuò)，大家盡可以花一天時(shí)間為養(yǎng)老院刷油漆，這是大好事。但私募股權(quán)投資公司擁有獨(dú)一無(wú)二的技能，可以用來(lái)提供一種知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)，從而幫助社會(huì)企業(yè)。這其中擁有的價(jià)值要長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)得多?！保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng)） ????譯者：王燦均?? |
????There has been lots of discussion about how private equity firms do (or don't) create new jobs, so today it's worth highlighting an instance in which jobs not only were indisputably created, but the new hires were poor rural villagers. Moreover, the participating private equity firm invested time rather than money. ????Here's the story in a nutshell (pun soon to become apparent): ????Soon after Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) opened its Singapore office last October, director of Asia public affairs Steve Okun began looking for a local organization with whom the firm could partner on a corporate social responsibility (CSR) effort. So he began holding discussions with Impact Investment Exchange Asia (IIX), a group that focuses on social sector development via investment. But IIX turned Okun down, saying it previously had been burned by investment banks that began projects and then dropped them once a big new banking deal came along (IIX knew of what it spoke, since it was founded by investment bankers). ????Okun persisted, and promised that KKR's involvement would be with members of different offices (Singapore and Australia), and that it would be on nights and weekends (so long as IIX would do the same). ????Soon the two groups settled on a project: East Bali Cashews, Bali's first large-scale cashew processing facility. The company is known for using environmentally-friendly processes and employs around 130 people in the impoverished village of Bon. ????What East Bali needed was $900,000 in fresh capital, in order to build a second factory, purchase new machines and hire 100 new workers. But while it knew how to process cashews, it had very little experience raising money. ????So three KKR staffers spent months working with the East Bali and IIX teams on identifying needs, writing a business plan and providing general business counsel. It did not, however, directly invest – believing that its highest value would be imparting its knowhow with East Bali Cashew executives so they could more effectively run and grow their business. In the end, the company raised its money – in no small part because it could present a "KKR-vetted" business plan to potential investors. ????A sister organization to IIX estimates that for every dollar invested in East Bali Cashew activities this year, the company created an additional 24 cents in social value. ????Okun argues that this is the lesson for private equity firms interested in CSR: "Yes, you can go spend the day painting a nursing home. And that's great. But private equity has unique skills that can be used to provide a base of knowledge that can help a social enterprise, and there is far more long-term value in that."??? |
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