成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

訂閱

多平臺(tái)閱讀

微信訂閱

雜志

申請(qǐng)紙刊贈(zèng)閱

訂閱每日電郵

移動(dòng)應(yīng)用

專欄 - Geoff Colvin

如何走出創(chuàng)新者的窘境

Geoff Colvin 2014年01月13日

杰奧夫·科爾文(Geoff Colvin)為《財(cái)富》雜志高級(jí)編輯、專欄作家。美國(guó)在管理與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、全球化、股東價(jià)值創(chuàng)造等方面最犀利也是最受尊重的評(píng)論員之一。擁有紐約大學(xué)斯特恩商學(xué)院MBA學(xué)位,哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)榮譽(yù)學(xué)位。
許多公司似乎無力自救,眼睜睜地看著自己跳進(jìn)創(chuàng)新者的窘境這個(gè)陷阱,遭遇滅頂之災(zāi)?,F(xiàn)在,思科公司掌門人想出了一個(gè)看起來很有前景的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。他能成功嗎?

????如果說商界中人個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)“創(chuàng)新者的窘境”耳熟能詳,非常了解它是怎么發(fā)生的,如何讓不少成功的大公司走進(jìn)死胡同,那為什么無數(shù)商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖依然難逃此劫呢?

????17年前,哈佛大學(xué)(Harvard University)的克萊頓·克里斯坦森出版了《創(chuàng)新者的窘境》(The Innovator's Dilemma)一書。但時(shí)至今日,我們依然看到許多公司前赴后繼地跳進(jìn)這個(gè)陷阱,眼睜睜地看著自己無法脫身。一個(gè)最新的例子是美國(guó)膠合板產(chǎn)業(yè)。在中國(guó)廉價(jià)進(jìn)口貨品的沖擊下,美國(guó)硬木膠合板制造商正在遭遇滅頂之災(zāi),所以它們抱團(tuán)取暖,懇請(qǐng)美國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易委員會(huì)(U.S. International Trade Commission,簡(jiǎn)稱ITC)宣布中國(guó)制造商正在傾銷膠合板(即以“低于公允價(jià)值”的價(jià)格在美國(guó)銷售商品),同時(shí)要求它制止這種行為。11月,ITC拒絕了這項(xiàng)請(qǐng)求。心有不甘的膠合板制造商們正在就此裁決提出申訴。它們說,來自中國(guó)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力在某種程度上導(dǎo)致膠合板制造商在過去4年流失了25,000個(gè)工作崗位。

????《今日美國(guó)》( USA Today)最近一篇報(bào)道援引一位高管的話,非常簡(jiǎn)潔地描述了這個(gè)行業(yè)衰落的真相:“最初涌入的中國(guó)產(chǎn)品價(jià)廉質(zhì)劣,但隨后變得越來越好,一步步地爬向食物鏈的上游?!?/p>

????當(dāng)然,這恰恰是創(chuàng)新者窘境的演變方式。正如克里斯坦森的如椽大筆所述,處于市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位的成功企業(yè)往往樂于把低端市場(chǎng)讓給那些制造價(jià)廉質(zhì)劣產(chǎn)品的新競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,因?yàn)檫@些產(chǎn)品的利潤(rùn)率往往最低;放棄這類產(chǎn)品可以增加市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者自身的整體利潤(rùn)率。但蓄謀篡位的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手正在獲得規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì),同時(shí)不斷創(chuàng)新經(jīng)營(yíng)方式,開始進(jìn)軍更高一級(jí)的產(chǎn)品類別。市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者或許也樂意放棄這個(gè)品類,因?yàn)檫@樣做可以進(jìn)一步提升整體利潤(rùn)率。

????也就是說,“市場(chǎng)破壞者”變得越來越好,不斷地爬向食物鏈的上游。市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者(比如美國(guó)的膠合板制造商)通常直到深陷困境之際,才如夢(mèng)方醒。

????早在17年前,克里斯坦森就描述了這一幕降臨到鋼材、建筑設(shè)備等諸多行業(yè)頭上的情形。此外,他還描述了許多聰穎過人的成功企業(yè)家落入這個(gè)陷阱的情形。這部著作是過去50年最重要的商業(yè)書籍之一,已經(jīng)成為一本超級(jí)暢銷書,書名本身也已經(jīng)成為人們頻頻使用的商業(yè)詞匯。但就如何避免陷入“創(chuàng)新者的窘境”而言,似乎沒有證據(jù)表明經(jīng)理人有了哪怕一丁點(diǎn)的進(jìn)展。

????看看約翰?錢伯斯為避免這個(gè)陷阱而進(jìn)行的新穎嘗試,將會(huì)很有啟發(fā)性。眼下,一種名為“軟件定義網(wǎng)絡(luò)”(software-defined networking)的新技術(shù)正在強(qiáng)勢(shì)崛起,情形看起來就像是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的創(chuàng)新者窘境。身為網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的思科公司(Cisco)公司感受到了威脅,于是公司CEO的錢伯斯召集一批工程師,加入一家新成立的獨(dú)立公司,找出擊退市場(chǎng)破壞者的策略。

????這種方法聽起來前景光明,甚至有可能真的行得通。倘若如此,我們將面臨一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問題:有沒有人能從中學(xué)到點(diǎn)什么呢?(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????譯者:葉寒????

????If absolutely everyone in business knows about the innovator's dilemma -- how it works, how it often dooms big, successful companies -- then why is avoiding it still so extraordinarily hard for business leaders?

????Harvard's Clayton Christensen published The Innovator's Dilemma 17 years ago, yet we continue to see companies marching into the buzz saw, eyes wide open, apparently helpless to save themselves. The latest example is, of all things, the U.S. plywood industry. The makers of hardwood plywood were getting killed by cheap Chinese imports, so they banded together and petitioned the U.S. International Trade Commission to declare that Chinese makers were dumping -- selling something in the U.S. at "less than its fair value" -- and to put a stop to it. The ITC turned them down in November. The plywood makers, who are appealing the decision, say they've had to eliminate 25,000 U.S. jobs over the past four years partly because of Chinese competition.

????What actually happened to the industry is described pithily by an executive quoted in a recent USA Today article: "The Chinese came in with a low-price, low-quality entry, then got better and better and worked up the food chain."

????That is of course precisely how the innovator's dilemma plays out. As Christensen powerfully showed, successful incumbent companies are often happy to cede the bottom of the market to new competitors making cheap, crummy products because those products often earn the lowest profit margins; by dropping out of those categories, the incumbents increase their own overall margins. But the insurgent competitor is gaining economies of scale while innovating ways to compete in the next higher category. Incumbents may be happy to let that category go too, because doing so will again raise their overall profit margins.

????That is, the insurgents get better and better, working up the food chain. The incumbents -- the plywood makers, for example -- typically don't wake up until they're in deep trouble.

????Christensen showed 17 years ago how that scenario has played out in steel, construction equipment, and many other industries. He described how smart, successful executives fall into the trap. His book, one of the most significant business books of the past 50 years, became a mammoth bestseller, and its title entered the language. Yet no evidence seems to suggest that managers have improved even a little at evading one of business's most disastrous blunders.

????It will be instructive to watch John Chambers' intriguing attempt to avoid the trap. Threatened by the rise of a new technology called software-defined networking, in what looks like a classic innovator's-dilemma situation, the CEO of networking incumbent Cisco (CSCO) has assembled a group of engineers into a new, free-standing company to figure out how to defeat the insurgents.

????The approach sounds promising. It might even work. If it does, we'll face the really interesting question: Will anyone learn from it????

我來點(diǎn)評(píng)

  最新文章

最新文章:

中國(guó)煤業(yè)大遷徙

500強(qiáng)情報(bào)中心

財(cái)富專欄

久久人人爽人人爽人人AV东京热| 久久久久无码国产精品一区99国产毛片| 国产精美欧美一区二区三区| 99久久麻豆AV一二三区| 人妻午夜不卡中文无码| 日日狠狠久久偷偷色综合96蜜桃| 五月天激情中文网| 香港午夜三级A三级三点在线观看| 在线中文字幕第一页| 亚洲AV无码电影网| 欧美日韩动漫国产在线播放| 国产亚州精品女人久久久久久| av无码免费岛国动作片片段| JAPANESEHD熟女熟妇伦,啊轻点灬大JI巴太粗太长了| 快穿之爱爱做不停H| 亚洲AV无码之国产精品网址| Aa无码人妻一区二区三区 | 清纯唯美在线视频欧美| 文视频欧美黑人又粗又大久久久| 少妇被躁爽到高潮无码人狍大战| 久久无码人妻一区二区三区午夜| 亚洲人成在线观看网站无码| 97久久精品亚洲中文字幕无码| 性色AV一区二区三区天美传媒| 69久久夜色精品国产69| 亚洲国产精品毛片AV不卡在线| 丰满少妇?级毛片| 小小水蜜桃高清电视剧观看| 亚洲欧美日韩一区| 果冻传媒AⅤ毛片无码蜜桃| 亚洲中文字幕久久久一区| 2021AAVV年本站提供91久久精品| 久久精品动漫一区二区三区| 国产精品永久久久久久久久久欧美性猛交| 久久久久久夜精品精品免费| 日韩AV一区二区三区免费看| 国产亚洲精品a等一页| 99久久综合精品五月天| 三区18人妻少妇久久中文字幕| 亚洲日韩中文字幕在线播放| 野花高清完整版免费观看视频大全|