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史上50大商業(yè)對(duì)手:比爾?蓋茨vs.史蒂夫?喬布斯

史上50大商業(yè)對(duì)手:比爾?蓋茨vs.史蒂夫?喬布斯

Adam Lashinsky 2013-03-22
這些往事充斥著不擇手段的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、毫不掩飾的蔑視和全面的沖突,正是它們決定了現(xiàn)代商業(yè)世界的面貌。今天再來(lái)回顧這些綿延了多年的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),我們依然能夠獲得豐富的啟示。財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)同時(shí)也對(duì)本地的商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,請(qǐng)參見(jiàn):
·中國(guó)6大商業(yè)對(duì)手(京東vs.蘇寧、華為vs.中興…)

史上50大商業(yè)對(duì)手一覽(組圖)

  • 可口可樂(lè) vs.百事可樂(lè)1 / 50
  • 福特 vs.通用汽車(chē)2 / 50
  • 愛(ài)迪生 vs.特斯拉3 / 50
  • AT&T vs.MCI4 / 50
  • 耐克 vs.銳步5 / 50
  • 蓋茨 vs.喬布斯6 / 50
  • 威尼斯 vs.熱那亞7 / 50
  • 惠普 vs.IBM8 / 50
  • 空中客車(chē) vs.波音9 / 50
  • 聯(lián)合太平洋 vs.中央太平洋10 / 50
  • 麥當(dāng)勞 vs.漢堡王11 / 50
  • 雷諾茲煙草vs.菲利普莫里斯12 / 50
  • 赫茲vs.阿維斯13 / 50
  • 寶潔vs.聯(lián)合利華14 / 50
  • 網(wǎng)景vs.微軟15 / 50
  • 維薩vs.萬(wàn)事達(dá)16 / 50
  • 法拉利vs.蘭博基尼17 / 50
  • 梅西百貨vs.金貝兒18 / 50
  • 百威vs.米勒19 / 50
  • 阿迪達(dá)斯vs.彪馬20 / 50
  • CVS vs.沃爾格林藥房21 / 50
  • UPS vs.聯(lián)邦快遞22 / 50
  • 赫斯特vs.普利策23 / 50
  • 拜耳vs.泰諾24 / 50
  • 金霸王vs.勁量兔25 / 50
  • 沃爾瑪vs.塔吉特26 / 50
  • 紐交所vs.納斯達(dá)克27 / 50
  • 奧利奧vs. Hydrox28 / 50
  • 孩之寶vs.美泰29 / 50
  • 鄧肯甜甜圈vs.星巴克30 / 50
  • 甲骨文vs. Salesforce31 / 50
  • Fender吉他vs. Gibson32 / 50
  • 佳能vs.尼康33 / 50
  • 美國(guó)鋼鐵vs.伯利恒鋼鐵34 / 50
  • 西爾斯vs.彭尼35 / 50
  • 康內(nèi)留斯·范德比爾特vs.杰?古爾德36 / 50
  • 摩根大通vs.高盛37 / 50
  • 蘇士比vs.佳士得38 / 50
  • 路易斯?梅爾vs.杰克?華納 39 / 50
  • 百視達(dá)vs.網(wǎng)飛40 / 50
  • 泛美航空vs.環(huán)球航空41 / 50
  • 康卡斯特vs.威瑞森42 / 50
  • 灰狗vs.旅途43 / 50
  • 索尼vs.任天堂44 / 50
  • 雅詩(shī)蘭黛vs.歐萊雅45 / 50
  • 谷歌vs.Facebook46 / 50
  • 迪斯尼CEO vs.夢(mèng)工廠CEO47 / 50
  • 驚奇漫畫(huà)vs. DC漫畫(huà)48 / 50
  • 寶馬vs.奔馳49 / 50
  • 網(wǎng)飛vs.亞馬遜50 / 50

????將比爾?蓋茨與史蒂夫?喬布斯進(jìn)行對(duì)比,就如同將白晝與黑夜進(jìn)行對(duì)比一般,但兩人也有很多共同之處。這或許能夠解釋兩人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的殘酷性。而這種矛盾的結(jié)果是什么?那就是個(gè)人電腦的誕生。

????首先,兩人之間的不同之處在于:蓋茨來(lái)自中上層階級(jí),讀的是哈佛大學(xué)(Harvard)。而喬布斯則來(lái)自一個(gè)中等收入的普通家庭,只在里德學(xué)院(Reed College)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)一段時(shí)間。癡迷科技的蓋茨自己編寫(xiě)了微軟(Microsoft)早期產(chǎn)品的代碼。而喬布斯則是天生的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)者,而且擁有足夠的本事來(lái)說(shuō)服別人,依靠合伙人史蒂夫?沃茲尼亞克發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)蘋(píng)果(Apple)電腦。蓋茨是全世界極客們的榜樣。而喬布斯自始至終都非常平和。蓋茨深諳規(guī)模與舉債經(jīng)營(yíng);喬布斯則掌握了時(shí)尚與信息。(更具個(gè)人魅力的喬布斯已被搬上大熒幕,電影由諾阿?威利與艾什頓?庫(kù)徹主演。)在洶涌的計(jì)算機(jī)革命大潮中,蓋茨與史蒂夫成為兩個(gè)極端的代表人物。

????但最重要的一點(diǎn)是,這兩個(gè)人對(duì)商業(yè)都有透徹的理解。對(duì)于資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表和損益表中的那些把戲,兩位并沒(méi)有接受過(guò)正式的培訓(xùn)。實(shí)際上,兩個(gè)人都不是大學(xué)畢業(yè),但賺錢(qián)的能力卻都超出常人,也都精于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

????在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的前二十年,蓋茨穩(wěn)居上風(fēng)。在此期間,Windows成為全球默認(rèn)的操作系統(tǒng)。后來(lái)到了1997年,蘋(píng)果生死存亡之際,喬布斯還得到過(guò)蓋茨1.5億美元的投資。(當(dāng)時(shí),在宣布交易的Macworld大會(huì)上,當(dāng)蓋茨在視頻中出現(xiàn)時(shí),引來(lái)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾的一片噓聲。)但喬布斯在自己離世之前的15年里卻扭轉(zhuǎn)了局勢(shì),在PC之外的市場(chǎng)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,如音樂(lè)播放器、智能手機(jī)和平板電腦等。而這些領(lǐng)域都是微軟投入巨資卻基本徒勞無(wú)功的項(xiàng)目。(或許是受到這一事實(shí)的打擊,蓋茨的妻子梅琳達(dá)禁止孩子們?cè)诩依锸褂胕Pod和iPhone手機(jī)。)

????兩人也曾經(jīng)毫不掩飾地相互指責(zé)。喬布斯認(rèn)為,微軟的核心問(wèn)題是缺少品位。而對(duì)于喬布斯最偉大的成就iPad,蓋茨的評(píng)價(jià)只有簡(jiǎn)單的一句話:“還不錯(cuò)?!?/p>

????喬布斯與蓋茨年齡上僅相差七個(gè)月(喬布斯較為年長(zhǎng)),在喬布斯去世之前幾年,兩人一直保持著友好的關(guān)系。做了那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的冤家對(duì)頭,他們比任何人更清楚對(duì)方取得了哪些成就。

????獲勝者:史蒂夫?喬布斯(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

????Bill Gates and Steve jobs were as different as night and day, yet they had much in common. This probably explains the bitterness of their rivalry. The fruits of their enmity? The creation of the personal computer.

????First, the differences: Gates was an upper-middle-class kid who went to Harvard. Jobs grew up in a family of modest means and didn't attend many classes at Reed College. Deeply technical, Gates wrote the code for Microsoft's early products himself. A born marketer with enough technical chops to be persuasive, Jobs relied on collaborator Steve Wozniak to create the first Apple computer. Gates was the poster child for geeks everywhere. Jobs, meanwhile, was suave from the start. Gates understood scale and leverage; Jobs grasped style and message. (The more charismatic figure, Jobs, will have been played on film by both Noah Wiley and Ashton Kutcher.) Gates and Jobs became the opposing poles of the frantically growing computing revolution.

????Above all else, though, these rivals understood business. Neither had formal training in the black arts of balance sheets and income statements. Indeed, neither had graduated from college. Yet both were preternaturally shrewd about making a buck -- and how to stick it to the competition.

????Gates dominated the first two decades of their rivalry, overseeing Windows' rise as the world's default operating system. Eventually Jobs welcomed a $150 million investment from Gates in 1997 when Apple (AAPL, Fortune 500) was looking death in the face. (Attendees of the Macworld conference where the deal was announced booed Gates' appearance by video.) But during the last 15 years of his life, Jobs flipped the switch on Gates, dominating beyond-the-PC segments like music players, smartphones, and tablets -- all areas of heavy, and mostly fruitless, investment byMicrosof (MSFT, Fortune 500)t. (Irked by this, perhaps, Gates' wife, Melinda, banned their children from having iPods and iPhones in the house.)

????The two were known to trade not-so-subtle barbs. Jobs diagnosed Microsoft's essential problem as a lack of taste. Meanwhile, Gates summed up one of Jobs' greatest achievements, the iPad, by saying simply, "It's okay."

????Born seven months apart (Jobs was older), they were friendly in the years before Jobs died. Having fought each other for so long, they knew better than anyone what the other had accomplished.

????Winner:Steve Jobs

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